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Temporary abdominal wall closure in trauma patients: Indications, technique, and results

  • Société Internationale de Chirurgie-Manuscripts Presented at the 35th World Congress of the International Society of Surgery, Hong Kong, August 1993
  • Published:
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Abstract

From 1988 to 1992 more than 5300 patients were admitted to a level I trauma center, with 36 of these patients requiring Silastic abdominal closure. Patients ages ranged from 13 to 75 years with a mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 30 (range 13–50). Nineteen patients (53%) suffered penetrating injuries, and 17 (47%) were victims of blunt trauma. Silastic closure was performed at admission laparotomy in 15 patients (42%) due to inability to close the fascia primarily. Twenty-one patients (58%) underwent Silastic closure at reexploration for inability to close primarily (12 patients), elevated intraabdominal pressure with deteriorating renal function (6 patients), and wound sepsis with fascial necrosis (3 patients). Twenty-six patients (72%) survived and 10 patients (28%) expired. The causes of death were multiple organ failure (9 patients) and exsanguination (1 patient). Of the 26 survivors, 8 patients (31%) underwent fascial closure at initial hospitalization, and 18 patients (69%) required split-thickness skin grafting to visceral granulation tissue. Of theses 18 patients, 13 (72%) have already undergone ventral herniorrhaphy at subsequent admission. No patient developed a complication attributable to the technique.

Résumé

Entre 1988 et 1992, plus de 5300 patients ont été admis dans un Trauma Center de niveau 1, 36 parmi eux nécessitant une fermeture abdominale avec du silastique. Ces patients étaient âgés de 13 à 75 ans et l'Injury Severity Score moyen était de 30 (extrêmes 13–50). Dixneuf patients (53%) avaient des lésions pénétrantes alors que 17 (47%) avaient des lésions fermées. La fermeture avec une plaque de silastique a été effectuées. La laparotomie initiale chez 15 (47%) des patients en raison de l'impossibilité de fermer l'aponévrose. Vingt et un patients (58%) ont eu ce type de fermeture lors d'une laparotomie ultérieure en raison soit d'impossibilité de fermeture (12 patients), soit d'une hyperpression abdominale associée à une défaillance rénale croissante (6 patients), soit du fait d'un sepsis de la paroi avec une nécrose pariétale (3 patients). Vingt six patients (72%) ont survécu et 10 patients (28%) sont décédés. La cause décès a été une défaillance polyviscérale chez 9 patients et un cas d'exsanguination. Parmi les 26 survivants, 8 (31%) ont eu une fermeture pendant leur hospitalisation initiale alors que 18 patients (69%) ont nécessité des greffes de peau minces sur un tissu de granulation. Treize de ces 18 patients ont déjà eu une cure de leur éventration à une séance opératoire ultérieure. Aucune complication n'a pu être rattachée à cette technique.

Resumen

Entre 1988 y 1992 fucron admitidos 5.300 pacientes a un centro de trauma de Nivel I, de los cuales 36 requirieron cierre abdominal con silastic. Las edades oscilaron entre 13 y 75 años y el ISS fue de 30 (rango 13–50). Diecinueve pacientes (53%) sufrieron lesiones penetrantes y 17 (47%) trauma cerrado. El cierre con silastic fue realizado en la laparotomía de admisión en 15 casos (42%) debido a la imposibilidad de cerrar la fascia en forma primaria. En 21 pacientes (58%) se realizó cierre con silastic en reexploración por imposibilidad de hacer cierre primario (12 pacientes), por presión intraabdominal elevada con deterioro de la función renal (6 pacientes) y por sepsis de la herida con necrosis de la fascia (3 pacientes). Veintiséis pacientes (72%) sobrevivieron y 10 pacientes (28%) murieron. Las causas de muerte fueron falla orgánica múltiple (9 pacientes) y exanguinación (1 paciente). De los 26 sobrevivientes, 8 (31%) recibieron cierre de la fascia en la hospitalización inicial, en tanto que 18 (69%) requirieron injerto de piel sobre el tejido de granulación visceral. Trece de estos 18 pacientes (72%) han sido ya sometidos a herniorrafia ventral en subsiguientes admisiones hospitalarias. Ningún paciente ha desarrollado complicaciones atribuibles a esta técnica.

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Howdieshell, T.R., Yeh, K.A., Hawkins, M.L. et al. Temporary abdominal wall closure in trauma patients: Indications, technique, and results. World J. Surg. 19, 154–158 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317004

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