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Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the peritoneal cavity: Useful guide to peritoneal recurrence and prognosis for gastric cancer

  • Société Internationale de Chirurgie-Manuscripts Presented at the 35th World Congress of the International Society of Surgery, Hong Kong, August 1993
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Abstract

At the time of laparotomy, peritoneal washings were collected from 155 gastric cancer patients and the levels in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determined. The CEA levels in peritoneal washings were statistically independent of those in sera and could more reliably predict the presence of peritoneal metastasis than a cytologic study. Peritoneal recurrence was seen in 14 of 118 patients after curative operation. Of the 14 patients, 10 (71%) had elevated levels of CEA (100 ng/g protein) at surgery. Of these 10 cases, 2 of the tumors were classified as stage IB and 4 had no serosal invasion. Only one patient with peritoneal metastasis and a low CEA level was free from relapse more than 1 year after operation. Kaplan-Meier's analysis showed that a high CEA level in peritoneal washings was a predictor of poor prognosis in patients who underwent either curative or noncurative resection. A proportional hazards regression analysis showed that a high CEA level in peritoneal washings was statistically significant in terms of predicting a shorter interval until peritoneal recurrence (p=0.0002) and for survival (p=0.0001). The CEA level in peritoneal washings is therefore of value as an indicator of peritoneal recurrence and prognosis.

Résumé

Le péritoine a été lavé et l'antigène carcinoembryonnaire (ACE) a été dosé dans le liquide recueilli lors de la laparotomie chez 155 patients ayant un cancer gastrique lors de leur laparotomie. Le taux d'ACE dans ces lavages était statistiquement indépendant de ceux dosés dans la sércuse, et pourrait être un facteur pronostique plus fidèle que l'examen cytologique en ce qui concerne la possibilité de métastases péritonéales. La récidive péritonéale s'est développée chez 14 de 118 patients après une exérèse estimée curative. Chez ces 14 patients, 10 (71%) avaient des niveaux élevés d'ACE (100 ng/g protéine) au moment de la chirurgie. De ces 10 cas, deux ont été classés stage IB et quatre n'avaient ps d'envahissement séreux. Seul un patient ayant une métastase péritonéale, qui avait un taux assez bas d'ACE, n'a pas récidivé plus d'un an après son intervention. Une analyse des taux selon la méthode de Kaplan-Meier a démontré qu'un taux élevé d'ACE était un facteur de mauvais pronostic à lo fois chez les patients ayant une résection curative et chez ceux qui avaient eu une résection à titre palliatif. Une analyse de régression démontrait qu'un taux élevé d'ACE dans le liquide de lavage péritonéal était un facteur de récidive précoce (p<0.0002) et de survie plus courte (p<0.0001). Le taux d'ACE dans le liquide de lavage péritonéal est corrélé avec la récidive et mauvais pronostic des cancers gastriques.

Resumen

Se obtuvieron lavados peritoneales en el momento de la laparotomía en 155 pacientes con cáncer gástrico y se determinaron los niveles de antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA). Los niveles de CEA en los lavados peritoneales aparccieron estadísticamente independientes de aquellos en el suero y podrían ser mejores indicadores de la presencia de metástasis peritoneales que el estudio citológico. La recurrencia peritoneal se presentó en 14 de 118 pacientes luego de operación con propósito curativo. De los 14 pacientes, 10 (71%) presentaban altos niveles de CEA (100 ng/g de proteina) en el momento de la cirugía. De los 10 casos, 2 fueron clasificados como estado IB y 4 no presentaban invasión serosa. Sólo un paciente con metástasis peritoneales que tenía un bajo nivel de CEA, apareció libre de recurrencia mas de un año después de la operación. El análisis de Kaplan-Meier demostró que altos niveles de CEA en los lavados peritoneales podria ser un factor de pronóstico pobre tanto en los pacientes sometidos a resección con propósito curativo como en aquellos sometidos a resección no curativa. Un análisis de regresión demostró que el alto nivel de CEA en el lavado peritoneal are estadístincamente significativo en cuanto a un intervalo más corto para la metástasis peritoneal (p=0.0002) y sobrevida (p=0.0001). El nivel de CEA en el lavado peritoneal es valioso como indicador de recurrencia peritoneal y de pronóstico.

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Nishiyama, M., Takashima, I., Tanaka, T. et al. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the peritoneal cavity: Useful guide to peritoneal recurrence and prognosis for gastric cancer. World J. Surg. 19, 133–137 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00316997

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