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Uremic polyneuropathy, clinical and pathological aspects

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Summary

25 patients with prolonged uremia, who were under treatment by means of peritoneal dialysis and/or hemodialysis, were followed by frequent neurological examinations over a period of 5–34 months, to decide whether it was possible by this means alone to reveal the commencement of uremic neuropathy. 4 patients had polyneuropathy at the commencement of the investigation, and 5 patients developed this condition. With one exception, loss of reflexes was found to be the first symptom of neuropathy. The condition deteriorated in 3 patients, 4 remained unchanged, and 2 improved. 16 patients died. In 8 cases, a pathoanatomical investigation was made of the n. ischiadicus. In 4 cases it was found to be normal, while in the other 4 cases there was found to be degeneration of the myelin sheath. The evaluation showed agreement between clinical and pathological findings in 7 cases, also with respect to the degree of the changes. The clinical condition in these cases was unknown to the pathologist.

An examination was made for possible relationships between the presence of neuropathy and the blood chemistry (serum concentration of creatinine, potassium, sodium, bicarbonate and haemoglobin). No statistically significant correlations were found.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurden 25 Patienten mit langdauernder Urämie, welche durch Peritonealdialyse oder Hämodialyse behandelt wurden, während 5–34 Monaten neurologisch kontrolliert. Es war Zweck dieser Untersuchungen festzustellen, ob mit klinisch-neurologischen Kontrollen allein der Beginn einer urämischen Neuropathie erfaßt werden konnte. 4 Patienten hatten zu Beginn der Untersuchung Zeichen einer Polyneuropathie, und bei 5 entwickelten sich dieselben während der Beobachtungszeit. Mit einer Ausnahme war der Ausfall von Reflexen das erste Zeichen der Polyneuropathie. Bei 3 Patienten trat Verschlechterung ein, 4 blieben unverändert, und bei 2 trat Besserung ein. 16 Patienten verstarben, bei 8 Fällen konnte eine pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchung des N. ischiadicus durchgeführt werden. In 4 Fällen war derselbe normal, in weiteren 4 Fällen fanden sich degenerative Veränderungen der Myelinscheiden. In 7 Fällen fand sich Übereinstimmung zwischen dem Grad des klinischen Befalles und den pathologisch-anatomischen Veränderungen, wobei dem Pathologen der klinische Zustand der Patienten nicht bekannt war.

Die möglichen Beziehungen zwischen der Polyneuropathie und der Kreatininkonzentration, dem Kalium, Natrium, Bicarbonat und Hämoglobinwert im Blut wurde untersucht. Es fand sich keine Korrelation dieser Werte mit der Polyneuropathie.

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Pakkenberg, H., Nielsen, B., Larsen, N.A. et al. Uremic polyneuropathy, clinical and pathological aspects. Z. Neurol. 200, 267–273 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00316923

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