Summary
PP19, a new placental tissue protein, has α1-β1 electrophoretic mobility, a molecular weight of 36 500 and 3.9% carbohydrate. To study immunocytochemical PP19 localization in extravillous trophoblast, we obtained formalin-fixed specimens from extravillous tubal pregnancy at gestational weeks (GW) 7–9 (12 blocks); four early intrauterine pregnancies at GW 7–13 (12 blocks); four late pregnancies at GW 28–38 complicated with intramural uterine myoma, placenta increta and abruptio placenta (8 blocks); four invasive complete moles (9 blocks); and seven primary and metastatic gestational choriocarcinomas (12 blocks). Immunohistochemical staining was done for PP19, pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (SP1) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) using the indirect-labeled antibody method [purified PP19 (Lot no. 225/242) and antibody against PP19 (Lot no. 632ZA) prepared by H. Bohn, antibodies against hCG (Behringwerke, Marburg, FRG) and SP1 (Dakopatts, Copenhagen, Denmark)]. In both early and late intrauterine pregnancies, the extravillous syncytiotrophoblastic cell (XST) showed positive staining for hCG and SP1 in the cytoplasm, as well as for PP19, which stained more intensively in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. The three proteins were not seen in the evtravillous cytotrophoblastic cell (XCT) in the trophoblastic cell column and shell. The interstitial cytotrophoblast-like cell (ICT), which infiltrated into the decidua and myometrium, and their blood vessels, was immunoreactively positive for PP19 but negative for hCG and SP1 with the exception of SP1-positive ICT in the myometrium in late pregnancy. XST and ICT in the endosalpinx of tubal pregnancy stained for all three proteins. In invasive complete mole, XST stained for the three proteins, but ICT infiltrating into the decidua and myometrium stained more intensively for PP19 than for either hCG or SP1. XCT did not stain for the three proteins. Staining for the three proteins in gestational choriocarcinoma resembled that in invasive mole. By PP19 staining, XST and ICT infiltrating into surrounding tissue were clearly distinguishable from other cells of similar shape. PP19 staining thus can be a useful histochemical marker in assessing the cell viability of the trophoblastic tumor after chemotherapy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bohn H, Sedlacek HH (1975) Eine vergleichende Untersuchung von plazenta-spezifischen Proteinen bei Menschen und subhumanen Primaten. Arch Gynäkol 220:105–121
Bohn H, Winckler W (1985) Isolation and characterization of four new placental tissue proteins (PP18, PP19, PP20, PP21). Arch Gynecol Obstet 236:235–242
Chemnitz J, Tornehave D, Teisner B, Poulsen HK, Westergaard JG (1984) The localization of pregnancy proteins (hPL, SP1, and PAPP-A) in intra- and extrauterine pregnancies. Placenta 5:489–494
Enders AC (1968) Fine structure of anchoring villi of the human placenta. Am J Anat 122:419–452
Gosseye S, Fox H (1984) An immunohistological comparison of the secretory capacity of villous and extravillous trophoblasts in the human placenta. Placenta 5:329–348
Kurman RJ, Main CS, Chen HC (1984a) Intermediate trophoblast: a distinctive form of trophoblast with specific morphological, biochemical and functional features. Placenta 5:349–370
Kurman RJ, Young RH, Norris HJ, Main CS, Lawrence WD, Scully RE (1984b) Immunocytochemical localization of placental lactogen and chorionic gonadotropin in the normal placenta and trophoblastic tumors, with emphasis on intermediate trophoblast and the placental site trophoblastic tumor. Int J Gynecol Pathol 3:101–121
Nakane PK, Pierce GB (1967) Enzyme-labeled antibodies for the light and electron microscopic localization of tissue antigens. J Cell Biol 33:309–318
O'Connor DM, Kurman RJ (1988) Intermediate trophoblast in uterine curettaging in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 72:665–670
Pattillo RA, Gey GO (1968) The establishment of a cell line of human hormone-synthesizing trophoblastic cells in vitro. Cancer Res 28:1231–1236
Pijnenborg R, Dixon G, Robertson WB, Brosens I (1980) Trophoblastic invasion of human decidua from 8 to 18 weeks of pregnancy. Placenta 1:3–9
Pijnenborg R, Robertson WB, Brosens I, Dixon G (1981a) Trophoblast invasion and the establishment of haemochorial placentation in man and laboratory animals. Placenta 2:71–92
Pijnenborg R, Bland WB, Robertson G, Dixon G, Brosens I (1981b) The pattern of interstitial trophoblastic invasion of the myometrium in early human pregnancy. Placenta 2:303–316
Sasagawa M, Watanabe S, Ohmomo Y, Honma S, Kanazawa K, Takauchi S (1986) Reactivity of two monoclonal antibodies (Troma 1 and CAM 5.2) on human tissue section: Analysis of their usefulness as a histological trophoblast marker in normal pregnancy and trophoblastic disease. Int J Gynecol Pathol 5:345–356
Takayama M, Isaka K, Ogawa T, Funayama H, Yamabe S, Soma H, Bohn H (1988) Characteristic differences in immunohistochemical localization of new placental proteins (PP1, PP19, PP21) in the human placenta. Gynecol Obstet Invest 26:274–280
Tuttle SE, O'Toole RV, O'Shaughnessy RW, Zuspan FP (1985) Immunohistochemical evaluation of human placental implantation: An initial study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 153:239–244
Wynn RM (1967) Fetomaternal cellular relations in the human basal plate: an ultrastructural study of the placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 97:832–850
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Takayama, M., Isaka, K., Funayama, H. et al. Comparative study of placental protein 19, human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein as immunohistochemical markers for extravillous trophoblast in pregnancy and trophoblastic disease. Histochemistry 93, 167–173 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00315971
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00315971