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Trigeminal and facial nerve involvement in charcot-marie-tooth disease

An electrodiagnostic study

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Summary

The electrically and optically elicited orbicularis oculi reflex (OOR) and facial nerve latency were investigated in eight patients from three families. Each had autosomal dominant peroneal muscular atrophy. In a family with the dominantly inherited hypertrophic type markedly delayed latencies of the early reflex component of the OOR were found while the facial nerve had remained unaffected. These findings were interpreted as an indicator for supraorbital nerve involvement. In the other two investigated families of hypertrophic and neuronal type, a prolonged facial nerve latency was demonstrable. In these cases the latency of the optically evoked blink reflex was also delayed, while the latency of the early reflex component of the OOR was within normal limits or only slightly delayed. It is assumed that the different degree of cranial nerve involvement in these families is the expression of their genetically determined peculiarities.

Zusammenfassung

An acht Patienten aus drei Familien mit autosomaldominant vererbter peronealer Muskelatrophie wurde der elektrisch und optisch evozierte Orbicularis oculi-Reflex (OOR) sowie die distale Latenzzeit des N. facialis geprüft. Dabei fand sich in einer Familie mit dominant vererbter hyertrophischer Form (Typ 1 nach Dyck) eine deutliche Latenzzeitverlängerung der frühen Reflexkomponente des OOR bei intaktem N. facialis. Dieser Befund wird als Zeichen einer Trigeminusbeteiligung (N. supraorbitalis) gedeutet. Bei den anderen Familien (hypertrophischer und neuronaler Typ) ließ sich eine verlängerte distale Latenzzeit des N. facialis nachweisen. In diesen Fällen war zugleich die Latenzzeit des optisch evozierten OOR verlängert, während die Latenzzeit der frühen Komponente des elektrisch ausgelösten OOR nur geringfügig verlängert oder im Normbereich war. Es wird zur Diskussion gestellt, daß die unterschiedliche Hirnnervenbeteiligung Ausdruck genetisch fixierter Besonderheiten in den einzelnen Familien ist. Nach den hier gewonnenen Ergebnissen könnte eine Hirnnervenbeteiligung bei peronealer Muskelatrophie häufiger sein als bisher angenommen wurde.

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Malin, JP. Trigeminal and facial nerve involvement in charcot-marie-tooth disease. J Neurol 226, 101–109 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313437

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