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Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in syndromes of decerebration, the bulbar syndrome and in central death

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Summary

The results are reported of serial brainstem auditory evoked potentials recordings in 51 patients with decerebration and bulbar syndrome. In contrast to the stability of latencies of single components of the potential in healthy subjects, patients with decerebration syndromes show considerable instability and an increase in the latency of all the components of the potential. In 34 decerebrate patients the P-I latency and the interpeak latencies for the medullo-pontine and ponto-mesencephalic segments as well as the central conduction time were significantly increased. There was marked reduction of the amplitude of P-V and P-III and deformation of the single components of the potential with widening and smoothing. The amplitude ratios A-V to A-I and A-III to A-I were significantly decreased. The findings are interpreted as due to mesencephalic and pontine functional disturbance during decerebration. The brainstem auditory evoked potential can be used to estimate the time of brain death. Possible causes of misinterpretation are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Anhand des Verlaufes von 51 Patienten wird das Verhalten des frühen akustisch evozierten Potentials (BAEP) im Decerebrations- und Bulbärhirnsyndrom sowie im Stadium des zentralen Todes beschrieben.

Entgegen der ausgesprochenen intra- und interindividuellen Latenzstabilität der einzelnen Potentialkomponenten beim Gesunden besteht bei der Decerebration eine Latenzinstabilität und eine ausgeprägte Latenzvergrößerung aller Potentialkomponenten. Die Interpeak-Latenzen für die medullopontinen und die ponto-mesencephalen Abschnitte sowie die zentrale Überleitungszeit liegen außerhalb des 2-Sigma-Bereiches eines gesunden Kontrollkollektivs. Auffallend ist eine Amplitudenreduktion von P V und P III und eine Deformierung der einzelnen Potentialkomponenten im Sinne einer Verplumpung und Verbreiterung der Potentiale. Die beschriebenen Veränderungen werden als Ausdruck sowohl einer mesencephalen als auch einer pontinen funktionellen Schädigung im Decerebrationsstadium angesehen.

Unter Beachtung möglicher Fehlinterpretationen kann das frühe akustisch evozierte Potential (BAEP) im Finalstadium den eingetretenen Hirntod beweisen und im Einzelfall den Todeszeitpunkt festlegen.

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This study was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 32

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Klug, N. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in syndromes of decerebration, the bulbar syndrome and in central death. J Neurol 227, 219–228 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313389

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313389

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