Summary
In view of recent evidence showing that shape and orientation of endothelial cells is determined by blood flow, the endothelium of the semilunar valves was studied in the developing chick heart using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal significant developmental modifications of endothelial morphology and structure. These modifications can be linked to modifications of local blood flow and can also explain several aspects of valvular morphogenesis. The results substantially support the hypothesis of an involvement of hemodynamics in the development of the semilunar valves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bellhouse BJ, Bellhouse FH (1968) Mechanisms of closure of the aortic valve. Nature 217:86–88
Bolender DL, Markwald RR (1979) Epithelial mesenchymal transformation in chick atrioventricular cushion morphogenesis. Scanning Electron Microsc. III:313–322
Braulin EA, Formanek AG, Moller JH, Edwards JE (1982) Angio-pathological appearances of pulmonary valve in pulmonary valve atresia with intact ventricular septum. Interpretation of nature of right ventricle from pulmonary angiography. Brit Heart J 47:281–289
Buck RC (1979) The longitudinal orientation of structures in the subendothelial space of rat aorta. Am J Anat 156:1–14
Burgess DR, Schroeder TE (1979) The cytoskeleton and cytomusculature — An overview. In: Jasmin G, Cantin M (eds) Methods and achievements in experimental pathology vol. 8: Karger, Basel pp 171–189
Colvee E, Hurle JM (1981) Maturation of the extracellular material of the semilunar heart valves in the mouse. A histochemical analysis of collagen and mucopolysaccharides. Anat Embryol 162:343–352
Deck JD, Turnet NT, Schneider PJ (1978) Fine structure of leaflet nodules in aortic valves of dogs. Anat Rec 190:377 (abstract)
Flaherty JT, Pierce JE, Ferrans VJ, Dali JP, Tucker WK, Fry DL (1972) Endothelial nuclear patterns in the canine arterial tree with particular reference to hemodynamic events. Circ Res 30:23–33
Folkman J, Haudenschild C (1980) Angiogenesis in vitro. Nature 288:551–556
Gross L, Kugel MA (1931) Topographic anatomy and histology of the valves in the human heart. Am J Pathol 7:445–473
Hurle JM (1979) Scanning and light microscope studies of the development of the chick embryo semilunar heart valves. Anat Embryol 157:69–80
Hurle JM, Colvee E, Blanco AM (1980) Development of mouse semilunar valves. Anat Embryol 160:83–91
Jackman RW (1982) Persistence of axial orientation cues in regenerating intima of cultured aortic explants. Nature 296:80–83
Jaffe OC (1977) Abnormal organogenesis in the cardiovacular system. In: Wilson JG, Fraser FC (eds) Handbook of teratology vol 2. Plenum Press, New York, pp 343–363
Jaffe OC (1978) Hemodynamics and cardiogenesis: the effects of physiologic factors on cardiac development. In: Rosenquist GC, Bergsma (eds) Morphogenesis and malformations of the cardiovascular system. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 393–404
Langille BL, Adamson SL (1981) Relationship between blood flow direction and endothelial cell orientation at arterial branch sites in rabbits and mice. Circ Res 48:481–404
Maron BJ, Hutchins GM (1974) The development of the semilunar valves in the human heart. Am J Pathol 74:331–340
McBride RE, Moore GW, Hutchins GM (1981) Development of the outflow tract and closure of the interventricular septum in the normal human heart. Am J Anat 160:309–332
Moore GW, Hutchins GM, Brito JC, Kang H (1980) Congenital malformations of the semilunar valves. Human Pathol 11:367–372
Ojeda JL, Hurle JM (1981) The establishment of the tubular heart: role of cell death. In: Pexieder T (ed) Perspectives in cardiovascular research vol. 5: Mechanisms of cardiac morphogenesis and teratogenesis. Raven Press, New York, pp 101–113
Paff GH, Boucek RJ, Gutten GS (1965) Ventricular blood pressures and competency of valves in the early embryonic chick heart. Anat Rec 151:119–124
Penther PH, Boschat J, Blanc JJ, Brière J (1980) Fenestrations des valves sigmoides aortiques et pulmonaries. Etude anatomique. Arch Mal Coeur 73:1447–1454
Pexieder T (1981) Prenatal development of the endocardium: a review. Scanning Electron Microsc II:223–253
Reidy MA, Langille BL (1980) The effect of local blood flow patterns on endothelial cell morphology. Exp Mol Pathol 32:276–289
Riddle JM, Magilligan DJ, Stein PD (1980) Surface topography of stenotic aortic valves by scanning electron microscopy. Circulation 61:496–502
Rodbard S (1956) Vascular modifications induced by flow. Am Heart J 51:926–941
Roger KA, Kalnis VI (1981) The immunofluorescent visualization of microtubules and microfilaments in endothelial cells fixed “in situ”. J Cell Biol 91: 328 A
Sarphie TG (1980) Pleomorphic surface features of mammalian endocardium: fine structure of canine bicuspid valves. J Mol Cell Cardiol 12:241–255
Schoefl GI (1963) Studies on inflamation III. Growing capilaries: their structure and permeability. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat 337:97–141
Shaner RF (1963) Abnormal pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves in embryos. Anat Rec 147:5–13
Streeter GL (1948) Development horizons in human embryos. Descriptions of age groups XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, being the third issue of a survey of the Carnegie Collection. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst Wash 32:133–203
Tonge M (1869) Observations on the development of the semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery of the heart of the chick. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 159:387–411
Wagner RC (1980) Endothelial cell embryology and growth. In: Altura BM, Davis E, Harders H (eds) Advances in microcirculation vol 9. Karger, Basel, pp 45–75
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hurle, J.M., Colvee, E. Changes in the endothelial morphology of the developing semilunar heart valves. Anat Embryol 167, 67–83 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00304601
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00304601