Abstract
The chromosomal distribution of sequences homologous to 18 coned alpha satellite fragments was established by in situ hybridization. It appeared that all the cloned sequences were members of small repeated families located on single chromosome pairs. Among the sequences studied specific molecular markers for chromosomes 3, 4, 10,11,17,18 and X were found. Comparison of the hybridization spectra obtained under non-stringent conditions and of restriction site periodicities in different chromosome-specific families allowed the identification of three “suprachromosomal” families, each located on a characteristic set of chromosomes. The three families together cover all the autosomes and the X chromosome. These data plus those reported previously allow part of the phylogenetic tree of chromosome-specific alpha satellite repeats to be drawn. Each suprachromosomal family has presumably originated from a distinct ancestral sequence and consists of certain types of monomers. Ancestral sequences have evolved into a number of chromosome-specific families by cycles of interchromosomal transfers and subsequent amplification events. The high homogeneity of chromosome-specific families may be a result of intrachromosomal homogenization of amplification units in chromosome-specific alpha satellite domains.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexandrov IA, Yurov YuB, Mitkevich SP, Gindilis VM (1986a) Chromosomal organization of human alphoid DNA. Dokl Acad Nauk SSSR 288:242–245
Alexandrov IA, Yurov YuB, Mitkevich SP, Gindilis VM (1986b) Cloned fragment of human alphoid DNA — a molecular marker of pericentromeric region of chromosome 18. Genetics (USSR) 22:868–876
Bostock C (1985) A function for satellite DNA? Trends Biochem Sci 5:117–119
Cooke HJ, Hindley J (1979) Cloning of human satellite III DNA: different components are on different chromosomes. Nucleic Acids Res 10:3177–3197
Devilee P, Slagboome P, Cornelisse CJ, Pearson PL (1986) Sequence heterogeneity within the human alphoid DNA family. Nucleic Acids Res 14:2059–2073
Donehower L, Gillespie D (1979) Restriction site periodicities in highly repetitive DNA of Primates. J Mol Biol 143:805–834
Doolittle WF (1982) Fourteen months of “selfish” DNA concept. In: Flavell RB, Dover GA (eds) Genome evolution. Mir, Moscow, pp 13–33 (Russian translation 1986)
Dover G, Brown S, Coen E, Dallas G, Strachan T, Trick M (1982) The dynamics of genome evolution and the differentiation of species. In: Dover GA, Flavell RB (eds) Genome evolution. Mir, Moscow, pp 329–356 (Russian translation 1986)
Gray K, White JW, Costansi C, Gillespie D, Schroeder W, Calabretta B, Saunders G (1985) Recent amplification of an alpha satellite DNA in humans. Nucleic Acids Res 13:521–535
Higgins MJ, Wang H, Shtromas I, Haliotis T, Roder JC, Holden JJA, White BN (1985) Organization of a repetitive human 1.8 kb KpnI sequence localized in the heterochromatin of chromosome 15. Chromosoma 93:77–86
Hungerford DA (1965) Leucocytes cultured from small inoculation of whole blood and the preparation of metaphase chromosomes by treatment with hypotonic KCl. Stain Technol 40:333–338
Jabs EW, Wolf SF, Migeon BR (1984) Characterization of a cloned DNA sequence that is present at centromeres of all human autosomes and the X chromosome, and shows polymorphic variation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1:4884–4888
Jeanpierre M, Weil D, Gallano P, Greau-Goldberg N, Junien C (1985) The organization of two related subfamilies of a human tandemly repeated DNA is chromosome specific. Hum Genet 70:302–310
Jones R, Potter S (1985) Characterization of cloned human alphoid satellite with an unusual monomeric construction: evidence for enrichment in HeLa small polydisperse circular DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 13:1027–1042
Jorgensen AL, Bostock CJ, Bak AL (1986) Chromosome-specific subfamilies within human alphoid DNA. J Mol Biol 187:185–196
Kiyama P, Maytsui H, Oishi M (1986) A repetitive DNA family (Sau3A family) in human chromosomes: extrachromosomal DNA and DNA polymorphism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:4665–4669
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbour, NY
Manuelidis L (1978) Chromosomal localization of complex and simple repeated DNAs. Chromosoma 66:23–32
Manuelidis L, Wu JC (1978) Homology between human and simian repeated DNA. Nature 276:92–94
Maxam AM, Gilbert W (1980) Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol 65:499–560
Smith GP (1976) Evolution of repeated DNA sequences by unequal crossing-over. Science 191:528–535
Singer M (1982) Highly repeated sequences in mammalian genomes. Int Rev Cytol 76:67–112
Waye JS, Willard HF (1985) Chromosome-specific alpha satellite DNA nucleotide sequence analysis of the 2.0 kilobasepair repeat from the human X chromosome. Nucleic Acids Res 13:2731–2743
Waye JS, Willard HF (1986) Structure, organization, and sequence of alpha satellite DNA from human chromosome 17: evidence for evolution by unequal crossing-over and an ancestral pentamer repeat shared with the human X chromosome. Mol Cell Biol 6:3156–3165
Willard HF, Smith KD, Sutherland J (1983) Isolation and characterization of a major tandem repeat family from the human X chromosome. Nucleic Acids Res 11:2017–2023
Wolfe J, Darling SM, Ericson RP, Craig IW, Bucle VS, Rigby PWJ, Willard HF, Goodfellow PN (1985) Isolation and characterization of an alphoid centromeric repeat family from the human Y chromosome. J Mol Biol 182:477–485
Yakovlev AG (1983) Cloning of repeated DNA sequences, and experimental search of molecular-genetic markers of human chromosomes. Doctoral thesis, Moscow, p 24
Yang TP, Hansen SK, Oishi KK, Ryder OA, Hamkalo BA (1982) Characterization of a cloned repetitive DNA sequence concentrated on the human X chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:6593–6597
Yunis JJ, Yasmineh WG (1971) Heterochromatin, satellite DNA, and cell function. Science 174:1200–1209
Yurov YuB, Alexandrov IA, Mitkevich SP, Krumin AR (1986a) Cloned sequences of satellite DNA III specific to centromeric heterochromatin of human chromosome 9. Mol Genet Microbiol Virusol (SSSR) 8:9–11
Yurov YuB, Yakovlev AG, Zaitzev IZ, Mitkevich SP, Alexandrov IA, Shapiro YuA, Kramerova IA, Gindilis VM (1986b) The cloned fragment of reiterated human DNA specific to centromeric heterochromatin of chromosome 3. Mol Genet Microbiol Virusol (SSSR) 7:19–23
Yurov YuB, Mitchevich SP, Alexandrov IA (1987) Application of cloned satellite DNA sequences to molecular-cytogenetic analysis of constitutive heterochromatin heteromorphisms in man. Hum Genet 76:157–164
Zaitzev IZ (1984) Structural analysis of cloned molecular markers of human chromosomes. Doctoral thesis, Moscow, p 24
Zalitzev IZ, Rogaev EI (1986) Structural analysis of alphoid DNA of primates. I. Heterogeneity of the nucleotide sequences of human alphoid DNA repeats. Mol Biol (SSSR) 20:674–682
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alexandrov, I.A., Mitkevich, S.P. & Yurov, Y.B. The phylogeny of human chromosome specific alpha satellites. Chromosoma 96, 443–453 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303039
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303039