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En bloc resection for extensive hepatocellular carcinoma: Is it advisable?

  • Société International de Chirurgie-Manuscripts Presented at the 35th World Congress of the International Society of Surgery, Hong Kong, August 1993
  • Published:
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Abstract

When the adjacent organ is partially invaded by a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whether to go on an aggressive resection is a difficult but challenging problem. To investigate the worth of en bloc resections, a retrospective controlled study was conducted. During a 9-year period, nine patients (seven men, two women: group I) who had HCC with invasions to extrahepatic adjacent organs had undergone en bloc resections. The adjacent organs included diaphragm (eight cases), adrenal gland (two cases), abdominal wall (one case), and spleen (one case). The patients selected for en bloc resections were those with a solitary tumor without evidence of vascular invasion or intravascular tumor thrombi, daughter nodule(s), or distant metastasis. The evidence was based on preoperative evaluation by ultrasonography, computed tomography, arteriography, and intraoperative ultrasonography. Eighteen matched patients with HCC but no involvement of neighboring organs were selected as controls (14 men, 4 women: group II). Though patients of group I had wider invasion of HCC and more extensive resection, their surgical morbidity, mortality, hospital mortality, disease-free interval, and survival time were similar to those of group II, who had more limited HCC and resections. Eighteen months after operation, the HCC recurrence rate was 44% and 41% in groups I and II, respectively, and the percent survivals were 71% and 63%, respectively. We suggest that in cases of large HCC with local invasion to neighboring organs, aggressive en bloc resection is recommended after appropriate patient selection.

Résumé

Afin de déterminer si une résection en bloc d'un cancer hépatocellulaire envahissant des organes de voisinage, intervention difficile, était valable, nous avons analysé les résultats obtenus de chez neuf patients (7 hommes), opérés pendant une période de neuf ans. Les organes envahis étaient le diaphragme (8 cas), la surrénale (2 cas), la paroi abdominale (1 cas) et la rate (1 cas). D'après un bilan d'extension comportant en préopératoire l'échographie, la tomodensitométrie, l'artériographie et l'échographie peropératoire, on a sélectionné pour opération les patients qui avait une tumeur unique sans envahissement vasculaire ou de thrombose tumorale intravasculaire, sans nodules satellites ou de métastases à distance. Les résultats obtenus ont été comparés à ceux de 18 autres patients (groupe contrôle) (14 hommes) qui avaient un carcinome hépatocellulaire mais sans envahissement des organes de voisinage. Bien que les patients dans le premier groupe différaient significativement des patients dans le groupe contrôle par l'importance de l'envahissement et la largeur de la résection, il n'y avait aucune différence dans la morbidité, la mortalité, globale et hospitalière, la période postopératoire sans maladie et la survie. Dix-huit mois après l'intervention, le taux de récidive a été respectivement de 44% et de 41% dans les deux groupes, et le pourcentage de survie respectivement de 71% et de 63%. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'il est possible d'envisager, chez des patients sélectionnés, la résection en masse de carcinome hépatocellulaire envahissant les structures de voisinage.

Resumen

Cuando un paciente presenta invasión parcial de un órgano adyacente por un carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC), es difícil decidir si se debe emprender una resección agresiva. Con el objeto de investigar el valor de las resecciones en bloque, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo: en el curso de un período de 9 años, 9 pacientes (7 hombres, 2 mujeres, Grupo I) con CHC e invasión a órganos extrahepáticos adyacentes fueron sometidos a resecciones en bloque. Los órganos adyacentes incluyeron el diafragma (8 casos), la glándula suprarrenal (2 casos), la pared abdominal (1 caso) y el bazo (1 caso). Los pacientes seleccionados para resección en bloque fueron aquellos con tumor solitario sin evidencia de invasión vascular o de trombos tumorales intravasculares, nódulos secundarios o metástasis distantes, según evidencia mediante la evaluación preoperatoria con ultrasonografía, TAC, arteriografía y ultrasonografía intraoperatoria. 18 pacientes de similares condiciones, con CHC pero sin invasión de órganos vecinos, fueron escogidos como Grupo control (14 hombres, 4 mujeres, Grupo II). Aunque los pacientes del Grupo I presentaban una invasión más externa por el CHC y en ellos se realizaron resecciones más extensas, su morbilidad y mortalidad operatorias, su mortalidad hospitalaria, el intervalo libre de enfermedad y el tiempo de sobrevida fueron similares a los del Grupo II que tenían CHC más limitado y recibieron resecciones menos amplias. 18 meses después de la operación, la tasa de recurrencia de CHC fue 44% y 41% en los Grupos I y II, el porcentaje de sobrevida 71% y 63%, respectivamente. Nuestra recomendación es que en los casos con grandes CHCs e invasión local a órganos vecinos, se practique resección agresiva en bloque, con base en una adecuada selección de pacientes.

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Jeng, KS., Chen, BF. & Lin, HJ. En bloc resection for extensive hepatocellular carcinoma: Is it advisable?. World J. Surg. 18, 834–839 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00299079

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