Skip to main content
Log in

Thrombocytopenia after hepatic cryotherapy for colorectal metastases: Correlates with hepatocellular injury

  • Original Scientific Reports
  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Postoperative thrombocytopenia following hepatic cryotherapy has been well documented and shown to be significantly greater than in control patients who had an identical incision or major laparotomy. Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) levels have been used as a reliable indicator of hepatocellular destruction. This study reviews 65 consecutive hepatic cryotherapy operations. We have excluded all patients who had repeat cryotherapy to lesions (n=6), all who had a colonic or hepatic resection procedure (n=7), all who had tumors other than colorectal metastases (n=5), patients with inadequate data (n=9), and those who were asplenic (n=2). Of the remaining 36 patients, 14 were treated with a single freeze/thaw cycle, 12 were treated with a double freeze/thaw cycle, and 10 were treated with mixed single and double freezes. The most common platelet nadir was day 3 (n=21) followed by day 2 (n=11), with the remaining platelet nadirs being day 1 or 4 (n=4). The percentage fall in platelet count was found to correlate with the rise in day 1 AST level (r 2=0.74, least squares linear regression). The double freeze/thaw cycle patients had a significantly greater fall in platelet count (p=0.01, Mann-Whitney two sample test). Another institution has reported three deaths due to multiple problems, including coagulopathy in patients treated with double freeze/thaw cycle cryotherapy. The conclusions of this study are that a high AST level on day 1 is a good predictor of impending thrombocytopenia, and that double freeze/thaw cycle cryotherapy results in marked thrombocytopenia, which may be responsible for the coagulopathy seen in some of these patients.

Résumé

L'hypoplaquettose postopératoire après la cryothérapie hépatique est bien connue et il a été démontré qu'elle se voit significativement plus fréquemment qu'après une laparotomie majeure ou chez le patient ayant eu une incision similaire. Le taux de transaminases aspartate (ASAT) est habituellement utilisé comme marqueur de la destruction hépatocellulaire. Cette étude résume les résultats de 65 interventions consécutives de cryothérapie. Nous avons exclu tous les patients ayant eu une ré intervention par cryothérapie (n=6), tous les patients ayant des tumeurs hépatiques qui n'etaient pas des métastases d'origine colorectale (n=5), les patients pour lesquels il manquait suffisamment d'enseignement dans le dossier médical (n=9) ainsi que les patients qui n'avaient pas de rate (n=2). Des 36 autres patients, 14 ont eu un seul cycle de gel/dégel, 12 ont eu deux cycles, alors que 10 ont eu des séances séparées de gel simples et doubles, combinées. Le compte plaquettaire le plus bas a été noté au jour 3 (n=21), suivi ensuite du jour 2 (n=11); Phypoplaquettose maximale étant observés aux jours 1 ou 4 dans les autres cas (n=4). Le pourcentage de chute en plaquettes était corrélé à l'élévation du taux d'ASAT au jour 1 (r2=0.74 regression linéaire des moindres carrés). La chute des plaquettes était significativement plus forte pour les cycles de gel/dégel doubles (p=0.01 au test de Mann-Whitney à deux échantillons). Il y a eu trois décès rapportés d'autres institutions lors de la thérapeutique. Les conclusions de cette étude sont qu'un taux élevé d'ASAT au jour 1 est une bonne indication que la thrombopénie est imminente et que la cryothérapie risque de provoquer une thrombopénie profonde, éventuellement responsable des coagulopathies observées chez certains de ces patients.

Resumen

La trombocitopenia postoperatoria luego de crioterapia hepática ha sido bien documentada; es significativamente mayor que en los pacientes control que tuvieron una idéntica incisión o una laparotomía mayor. Los niveles de transaminasa sérica aspártica (ASA) han sido utilizados como un indicador confiable de destrucción hepatocelular. El presente estudio revisa 65 operaciones consecutivas de crioterapia hepática. Hemos excluído todos los pacientes que recibieron crioterapia repetida (n=6), los que tenían tumores diferentes de metástasis colorectales (n=5), aquellos con datos insuficientes (n=9) y los que eran anesplénicos (n=2). De los restantes 36 pacientes, 14 fueron tratados con un ciclo único de congelación/descongelación, 12 con un ciclo doble y 10 fueron tratados con congelaciones únicas y dobles. El nadir plaquetario más común fue el día 3 (n=21), seguido del día 2 (n=11), siendo los nadires restantes los días 1 o 4 (n=4). El porcentaje de disminución en el recuento de las plaquetas se correlacionó con el día 1 de elevación en el nivel de la ASA. Los pacientes que recibieron el doble ciclo de congelación/descongelación exhibieron una disminución del recuento de plaquetas (p=0.01 de la prueba Mann-Whitney). Otra institución ha reportado 3 muertes causadas por problemas múltiples, incluyendo coagulopatía en los pacientes tratados con la crioterapia de doble ciclo. Les conclusiones del estudio son que un nivel alto en el día 1 de ASA, es un buen predictor de trombocitopenia inminente y que el doble ciclo de congelación/descongelación resulta en trombocitopenia marcada, la cual puede ser responsable de la coagulopatía que se presente en algunos de tales pacientes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ramming, K.P., O'Toole, K.: The use of the implantable chemoinfusion pump in the treatment of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer. Arch. Surg. 121:1440, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ekberg, H., Tranberg, K.-G., Andersson, R., et al.: Determinants of survival in liver resection for colorectal secondaries. Br. J. Surg. 73:727, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  3. Adson, M.A.: Resection of liver metastases—when is it worthwhile? World. J. Surg. 11:511, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  4. Williams, N.N., Daly, J.M.: Infusional versus systemic chemotherapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Surg. Clin. North Am. 69:401, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bengtsson, G., Carlsson, G., Hafstrom, L., Jonsson, P.-E.: Natural history of patients with untreated liver metastses from colorectal cancer. Am. J. Surg. 141:586, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  6. Onik, G., Rubinsky, B., Zemel, R., et al.: Ultrasound guided hepatic cryosurgery in the treatment of metastatic colon carcinoma. Cancer 67:901, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ravikumar, T.S., Steele, G.D.: Hepatic cryosurgery. Surg. Clin. North Am. 69:433, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  8. Charnley, R.M., Doran, J., Morris, D.L.: Cryotherapy for liver metastases: a new approach. Br. J. Surg. 76:1040, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  9. Goodie, D.B., Horton, M.D.A., Morris, R.W., Nagy, L.S., Morris, D.L.: Anaesthetic experience with cryotherapy for treatment of hepatic malignancy. Anaesth Intensive Care 20:491, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tandon, B.N., Acharya, S.K.: Viral diseases involving the liver. Baillieres Clin. Gastroenterol. 1(2):211, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mitzrahi, S., Dolburg, L., Jacobsohn, W.Z.: Alteration in aminotransferase in rats after acute hepatic injury. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 23:188, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  12. Stewart, G.J., Preketes, A.P., Horton, M.D., Ross, W.B., Morris, D.L.: Hepatic cryotherapy: double freeze with partial thaw cycles achieves greater hepatocellular injury. Cryobiology (in press)

  13. Ravikumar, T.S., Steele, G., Kane, R., King, V.: Experimental and clinical observations on hepatic cryosurgery for colorectal metastases. Cancer Res. 51:6323–6327, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dilley, A.V., Dy, D.Y., Warlters, A., et al.: Laboratory and animal evaluation of the Cryotech LCS 2000 in hepatic cryotherapy. Cryobiology 30:74, 1993

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cozzi, P.J., Stewart, G.J. & Morris, D.L. Thrombocytopenia after hepatic cryotherapy for colorectal metastases: Correlates with hepatocellular injury. World J. Surg. 18, 774–776 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298929

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298929

Keywords

Navigation