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Pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer

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Abstract

Lymph node (LN) dissection along the upper border of the pancreas is one of the essential parts of curative surgery for gastric cancer, and the distal portion of the pancreas was frequently resected for complete removal of LNs along the splenic artery. Hoever, pancreatic juice leakage, subphrenic abscess, and postoperative diabetes were common complications in patients treated by pancreatic resection. To avoid these problems a new surgical procedure, the pancreas-preserving operation, was developed by Maruyama in 1979. We found that lymphatic channels from the stomach did not flow into the pancreas parenchyma, and that the spleen, splenic artery, and fatty connective tissue including nodes could be removed completely without dissection of the pancreas parenchyma and splenic vein. The preserved pancreas receives its arterial blood supply through the transverse pancreatic artery, and its preservation prevents postoperative diabetes. A total of 299 patients were treated by this procedure. The operative mortality rate was 0.3%, the hospital death rate 1.6%, and the surgical complications rate 19.6%. The cumulative 5-year survival rate for those with stage II was 70.5% and for those with stage III 54.1%. These results were superior to those of the pancreas resection group.

Résumé

L'ablation des ganglions lymphatiques au bord supérieur du pancréas est une des étapes principales de la chirurgie à visée curative pour cancer gastrique mais il est souvent nécessaire de réséquer le pancréas distal pour compléter la lymphadénectomie le long de l'artère splénique. En conséquence, la résection pancréatique peut se compliquer de fistule pancréatique, d'abcès sous-phrénique, et de diabète postopératoire. Pour éviter ces complications, K Maruyama a imaginé en 1979 une nouvelle intervention permettant de conserver le pancréas. Nous avons trouvé que les voies lymphatiques provenant de l'estomac n'entraient pas dans le parenchyme pancréatique et que la rate, l'artère splénique et le tissu adipeux contenant les ganglions lymphatiques pouvaient être enlevés complètement sans disséquer le pancréas ou la veine splénique. Le pancréas restant garde une vascularisation intacte à partir de l'artère pancréatique transverse et ceci évite le diabète post-chirurgical. Nous avons opéré 299 patients avec cette technique avec une mortalité opératoire de 0.3%, une mortalité hospitalière de 1.6% et un taux de morbidité de 19.6%. La survie cumulative à 5 ans pour les patients stade II a été de 70.5% et celle des patients du stade III, de 54.1%. Ces résultats sont supérieurs à ceux du groupe avec résection pancréatique.

Resumen

La disección de los ganglios linfáticos ubicados sobre el borde superior del páncreas es parte esencial de la cirugía curativa para cáncer gástrico y la región distal del páncreas era frecuentemente resecada para lograr la remoción completa de los ganglios ubicados a lo largo de la arteria esplénica. Sin embargo, el escape de jugo pancreático, el absceso subfrénico y la diabetes postoperatoria fueron complicaciones comunes en los pacientes sometidos a resección pancreática. Con miras a evitar tales complicaciones, K. Maruyama desarrolló en 1979 un nuevo procedimiento quirúrgico, la operación conservadora del páncreas. Hemos encontrado que los canales linfáticos del estómago no fluyen al parénquima del páncreas y que el bazo, la arteria esplénica y el tejido conectivo graso, incluyendo los ganglios, pueden ser resecados totalmente sin necesidad de disecar el parénquima del páncreas ni la vena esplénica. El páncreas conservado recibe irrigación arterial a través de la arteria pancreática transversa, y con ello se logra prevenir la diabetes postoperatoria. 299 pacientes fueron tratados con este procedimiento con una mortalidad operatoria de 0.3%, una mortalidad hospitalaria de 1.6% y una tasa de complicaciones quirúrgicas de 19.6%. La tasa acumulativa de sobrevida a 5 años para el estado II fue 70.5% y para el estado III 53.1%. Estos resultados aparecen superiores a aquellos obtenidos en pacientes en los cuales se resecó el páncreas.

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Maruyama, K., Sasako, M., Kinoshita, T. et al. Pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer. World J. Surg. 19, 532–536 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294714

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