Abstract
Island and mainland populations of Trimerotropis pseudofasciata from California were compared with respect to the nature and extent of their percentric inversion systems. Island populations generally have more chromosomes polymorphic for centromere position than mainland populations and a considerably higher percentage of the genome in these island populations is in a structurally heterozygous state. Thus, although geographically peripheral, the islands provide habitats capable of supporting denser and more chromosomally polymorphic populations than the mainland. Chiasmata are generally localized to terminal positions in all classes of chromosomes and do not occur in the inverted regions of inversion heterozygotes. Chiasma frequency is highest in inversion homozygotes. It is hypothesized that the inversion system in T. pseudofasciata serves the dual synergistic function of preserving allelic sequences in the inversion region intact through inversion heterozygosity and limiting the generation of variability in regions outside the inversion by increasing terminal chiasmata. Additionally, it is argued that it is the gene sequence on only the inversion chromosome that is important in Trimerotropis. This condition contrasts with the “co-adapted” pattern seen in Drosophila where the gene sequences on both chromosomes in the inversion heterozygote are simultaneously important.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ayala, F. J., Powell, J. R., Dobzhansky, Th.: Polymorphism in continental and island populations of Drosophila willistoni. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 68, 2480–2483 (1971)
Brncic, D.: Chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of Drosophila pavani. Chromosoma (Berl.) 8, 699–708 (1957)
Brncic, D.: Further study of chromosomal polymorphism in Drosophila pavani. J. Heredity 64, 175–180 (1973)
Carothers, E. E.: The segregation and recombination of homologous chromosomes as found in two genera of Acrididae (Orthoptera). J. Morph. 28, 445–520 (1917)
Carson, H. L.: The genetic characteristics of marginal populations of Drosophila. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 20, 276–287 (1955)
Carson, H. L.: Chromosomal morphism in geographically widespread species of Drosophila. In: Genetics of colonizing species (H. G. Baker and G. L. Stebbins, eds.), p. 503–531. New York: Academic Press 1965
Carson, H. L., Heed, W. B.: Structural homozygosity in marginal populations of nearctic and neotropical species of Drosophila in Florida. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 52, 427–430 (1964)
Crumpacker, D. W., Williams, J. S.: Density, dispersion and population structure in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Ecol. Monogr. 43, 499–538 (1973)
Cunha, A. B., da, Dobzhansky, Th.: A further study of chromosomal polymorphism in Drosophila willistoni in its relation to the environment. Evolution (Lancaster, Pa.) 8, 119–134 (1954)
Darlington, C. D.: Natural populations and the breakdown of classical genetics. Proc. roy. Soc. London B 145, 350–364 (1956)
Dobzhansky, Th.: Genetics of the evolutionary process. New York: Columbia University Press 1970
Ennis, T.: Meiosis in Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): chiasma frequency and variation. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 14, 113–128 (1972)
Fox, D. P.: The control of chiasma distribution in the locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål). Chromosoma (Berl.) 43, 289–328 (1973)
Heed, W. B., Russell, J. S.: V. Phylogeny and population structure in island and continental species of the cardini group of Drosophila studied by inversion analysis. Studies in Genetics VI. Univ. Texas Publ. 7103, 91–130 (1971)
Henderson, S. A.: Chromosome pairing, chiasmata and crossing over. In: Handbook fo molecular cytology (A. Lima-de-Faria, ed.), p. 326–357. London: North Holland Publishing Comp. 1969
Hewitt, G. M.: Population cytology of British grasshoppers. II. Annual variation in chiasma frequency. Chromosoma (Berl.) 16, 570–600 (1965)
Jackson, R. C.: Chromosomal evolution in Haplopappus gracilis: A centric transposition race. Evolution (Lawrence, Kans.) 27, 243–256 (1973)
John, H., Hewitt, G. M.: Interpopulation sex chromosome polymorphism in the grasshopper Podisma pedestris. Chromosoma (Berl.) 31, 291–308 (1970)
John, B., Lewis, K. R.: Chromosome variability and geographical distribution in insects. Science 152, 711–721 (1966)
Kunze-Mühl, E., Müller, E., Sperlich, D.: Qualitative, quantitative und jahreszeitliche Untersuchungen über den chromosomalen Polymorphismus natürlicher Populationen von Drosophila subobscura Coll. in der Umgebung von Wien. Z. Vererbungslehre 89, 636–646 (1958)
Lewontin, R. C.: Comment on p. 549. In: Genetics of colonizing species (H. G. Baker and G. L. Stebbins, ed.). New York: Academic Press 1965
Mather, W. B.: Chromosomal polymorphism in two marginal populations of D. rubida. Dros. Inf. Serv. 43, 96 (1968)
Prevosti, A.: Chromosomal polymorphism in Drosophila subobscura Coll. populations from the Canary Islands. Genet. Iber. 23, 69–84 (1971)
Prevosti, A.: Chromosomal polymorphisms in Drosophila subobscura populations from the Madiera Island. Genet. Iber. 24, 11–21 (1972)
Prevosti, A.: Chromosomal inversion polymorphism in the southwestern range of Drosophila subobscura distribution area. Genetica (den Haag) 45, 111–124 (1974)
Rehn, J. A. G., Hebard, M.: An orthopterological reconnoissance of the southwestern U.S. III — California and Nevada. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia 61, 409–483 (1909)
Richmond, R. C.: Enzyme variability in the Drosophila willistoni group. III. Amounts of variability in the superspecies, D. paulistorum. Genetics 70, 87–112 (1972)
Rohlf, F. J., Sokal, R. R.: Statistical tables, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Comp. 1969
Schroeter, G. L.: Pericentric inversion polymorphism in Trimerotropis helferi (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and its effect on chiasma frequency. Ph. D. Dissertation. Department of Biology-Genetics. University of California, Davis 1968
Schultz, J., Redfield, H.: Interchromosomal effects on crossing over in Drosophila. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 16, 175–197 (1951)
Shaw, D. D.: Genetic and environmental components of chiasma control. I. Spatial and temporal variation in Schistocerca and Stethophyma. Chromosoma (Berl.) 34, 281–301 (1971)
Sokal, R. R., Rohlf, F. J.: Biometry. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Comp. 1969
Southern, D. I.: Chiasma distribution in Truxaline grasshoppers. Chromosoma (Berl.) 22, 164–191 (1967)
Strohecker, H. F., Middlekauff, W. W., Rentz, D. C.: Grasshoppers of California (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bull. Calif. Insect Survey 10, 1–177 (1968)
Weissman, D. B.: Differential adaption and evolution of the Orthoptera to life an the California channel islands and mainland California. Ph. D. dissertation, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford, California 1975
Wenrich, D. H.: Synapsis and chromosome organization in Chorthippus (Stenobothrus) curtipennis and Trimerotropis suffusa (Orthoptera), J. Morph. 29, 479–516 (1917)
White, M. J. D.: A cytological survey of wild populations of Trimerotropis and Circotettix (Orthoptera, Acrididae). II. Racial differentiation in T. sparsa. Genetics 35, 31–53 (1951a)
White, M. J. D.: Structural heterozygosity in natural populations of the grasshopper Trimerotropis sparsa. Evolution (Lancaster, Pa.) 5, 376–394 (1951b)
White, M. J. D.: Animal cytology and evolution, 3rd edit. New York: Cambridge University Press 1973
White, M. J. D., Morley, F. H. W.: Effects of pericentric rearrangements on recombination in grasshopper chromosomes. Genetics 40, 604–619 (1955)
Yamaguchi, O., Moriwaki, D.: Chromosomal variation in natural populations of Drosophila bifasciata. Jap. J. Genet. 45, 383–391 (1971)
Zarchi, Y., Simchen, G., Hillel, J., Schaap, T.: Chiasmata and the breeding system in wild populations of diploid wheats. Chromosoma (Berl.) 38, 77–94 (1972)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weissman, D.B. Geographical variability in the pericentric inversion system of the grasshopper Trimerotropis pseudofasciata . Chromosoma 55, 325–347 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00292829
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00292829