Skip to main content
Log in

“Two out of three” codon reading leading to mistranslation in vivo

  • Published:
Molecular and General Genetics MGG Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Strains of Escherichia coli were starved for asparagine or lysine in order to increase the in vivo level of mistranslation. In a relA strain, asparagine starvation increased the error frequency in elongation factor Tu to 0.12 mistake per asparagine codon, while with lysine starvation in the same strain the error frequency per lysine codon was 0.008. The pattern of isoelectric point changes in the altered protein produced is consistent with third position misreading in the AAN codon group. This high level of mistranslation is not seen in streptomycin resistant (rpsL) strains or in most relA +strains.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Blumenthal, R.M., Lemaux, P.G., Neidhardt, F.C., Dennis, P.P.: The effects of the relA gene on the synthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and other transcription and translation proteins in Escherichia coli B. Mol. Gen. Genet. 149, 291–296 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cedar, H., Schwartz, J.H.: The asparagine synthetase of Escherichia coli I. Biosynthetic role of the enzyme, purification, and characterization of the reaction products. J. Biol. Chem. 244, 4112–4121 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Crick, F.H.C.: Codon-antocodon pairing: The wobble hypothesis. J. Mol. Biol. 19, 548–555 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelmann, P., Gallant, J.: Mistranslation in E. coli. Cell 10, 131–137 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, P., Lustig, F., Axberg, T., Åkesson, B., Lagerkvist, U.: Reading of the lysine codons in the MS2 coat protein cistron during protein synthesis in vitro. FEBS Lett. 98, 145–151 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiil, N., Friesen, J.D.: Isolation of “relaxed” mutants of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 95, 729–731 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, E., Holmes, W.M., Hatfield, G.W.: Specificity of codon recognition by Escherichia coli tRNALeu isoaccepting species determined by protein synthesis in vitro directed by phage RNA. J. Mol. Biol. 129, 567–585 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorini, L.: Streptomycin and misreading of the genetic code. In: Ribosomes (M. Nomura, A. Tissières, and P. Lengyel, eds.), pp. 791–803. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, B., Gallant, J.: Defective translation in RC cells. Nature New Biol. 237, 131–135 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerkvist, U.: “Two out of three”: an alternative method for codon reading. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 1759–1762 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Loftfield, R.B.: The frequency of errors in protein biosynthesis. Biochem. J. 89, 82–92 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Loftfield, R.B., Vanderjagt, D.: The frequency of errors in protein biosynthesis. Biochem. J. 128, 1353–1386 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitra, S.K., Lustig, F., Åkesson, B., Lagerkvist, U., Strid, L.: Codon-anticodon recognition in the valine codon family. J. Biol. Chem. 252, 471–488 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Neidhardt, F.C., Bloch, P.L., Smith, D.F.: Culture medium for entorobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 119, 747–763 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Farrell, P.H.: High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 4007–4021 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Farrell, P.H.: The suppression of defective translation by ppGpp and its role in the stringent response. Cell 15, 545–557 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohsawa, H., Maruo, B.: Restoration by ribosomal protein S1 of the defective translation in a temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli K-12: characterization and genetic studies. J. Bacteriol. 127, 1157–1166 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J., Pollard, J.W., Friesen, J.D., Stanners, C.P.: Stuttering: high level mistranslation in animal and bacterial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 1091–1095 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, S., Bloch, P.L., Rech, S., Neidhardt, F.C.: Patterns of protein synthesis in E. coli: a catalog of the amount of 140 individual proteins at different growth rates. Cell 14 179–180 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, S., Reeh, S.V., Parker, J., Watson, R.J., Friesen, J.D., Fiil, N.P.: Analysis of the proteins synthesized in ultraviolet light-irradiated Escherichia coli following infection with the bacteriophages λdrif d18 and λdfus-3. Mol. Gen. Genet. 144, 293–343 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeh, S., Pedersen, S., Friesen, J.D.: Biosynthetic regulation of individual proteins in relA + and relA strains of Escherichia coli during amino acid starvation. Mol. Gen. Genet. 149, 279–289 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A.B.: Evolution and the distribution of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues in proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 885–888 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, G.R., Stein, W.H., Moore, S.: Reaction of the cyanate present in aqueous urea with amino acids and proteins J. Biol. Chem. 235, 3177–3181 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Uren, J.R., Chang, P.K., Handschumacher, R.E.: Effects of asparagine synthetase inhibitors on asparaginase resistant tumors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 26, 4408–4410 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Woese, Carl R.: The present status of the genetic code. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. and Mol. Biol. 7, 107–172 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, M., Nomura, M., Ohsawa, H., Maruo, B.: Identification of a temperature sensitive asparaginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase mutant of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 132, 127–131 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Communicated by A. Böck

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Parker, J., Friesen, J.D. “Two out of three” codon reading leading to mistranslation in vivo. Molec. Gen. Genet. 177, 439–445 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00271482

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00271482

Keywords

Navigation