Summary
The following aldehydes were subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-10 with 0.2 M phosphate at pH 7.2 as eluant: formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, and α-hydroxyadipaldehyde. Adsorption to the gel was marked with glutaraldehyde, partial with α-hydroxyadipaldehyde and glyoxal, and absent with formaldehyde. Commercial α-hydroxyadipaldehyde contained various polymers and ultraviolet absorbing impurities. There was little change in optical density with temperature. The relative elution volume was slightly pH sensitive between pH 5.0–8.0. — The significance of these findings to fixation is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrews, P.: Estimation of the molecular weights of proteins by Sephadex Gel-filtration. Biochem. J. 91, 222–233 (1964).
—: Molecular sieve chromatography applied to molecular size and molecular weight estimation. Lab. Pract. 16, 851–856 (1967).
Aso, C., Aito, Y.: Studies on the polymerization of bifunctional monomers. II. Polymerization of glutaraldehyde. Makromol. Chem. 58, 195–203 (1962).
Bowes, J. H., Cater, C. W.: The reaction of glutaraldehyde with proteins and other biological materials. J. roy. micr. Soc. 85, 193–200 (1966).
—: The interaction of aldehydes with collagen. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 168, 341–352 (1968).
Davis, P., Tabor, B. E.: Kinetic study of the crosslinking of gelatin by formaldehyde and glyoxal. J. polymer. Sci. A, 1, 799–815 (1963).
Flodin, P.: Dextran gels and their applications in gel filtration. Uppsala: AB Pharmacia 1962.
French, D., Edsall, J. T.: The reaction of formaldehyde with amino acids and proteins. Advanc. Protein Chem. 2, 277–335 (1945).
Gelotte, B.: Studies on gel filtration. Sorbtion properties of the bed material Sephadex. J. Chromatog. 3, 330–342 (1960).
Hopwood, D.: The behaviour of various glutaraldehydes on Sephadex G-10 and some implications for fixation. Histochemie 11, 289–295 (1967).
—: A comparison of the crosslinking abilities of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and α-hydroxyadipaldehyde with bovine serum albumin and casein. Histochemie 17, 151–161 (1969a).
—: Fixatives and fixation: a review. Histochem. J. 1, 323–360 (1969b).
- Allen, C. R., McCabe, M.: The reactions between glutaraldehyde and various proteins. An investigation of their kinetics. (In preparation) (1969).
Kwon, T. W.: The pH dependant elution of malonaldehyde during gel filtration on Sephadex G-10. J. Chromatog. 24, 193–195 (1966).
Marsden, N. V. B.: Solute behaviour in tightly crosslinked dextran gels. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 125, 428–457 (1965).
Quiocho, F. A., Richards, F. M.; The enzymic behaviour of carboxypeptidase-A in the solid state. Biochemistry 5, 4062–4076 (1966).
Scott, A. I.: Interpretation of the ultraviolet spectra of natural products. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1964.
Sweetman, L., Nyhan, W. L.: Sephadex G-10 adsorption chromatography of purines and related compounds. J. Chromatog. 32, 662–675 (1964).
Torack, R. M.: Extra-cellular space of rat brain following perfusion fixation with glutaraldehyde and hydroxyadipaldehyde. Z. Zellforsch. 66, 253–264 (1965).
Walker, J. F.: Formaldehyde, 3rd edn. London: Chapman & Hall 1964.
Wold, F.: Bifunctional reagents in Methods in Enzymology, vol. xi, p. 617–640. London: Academic Press 1967.
Yokota, K., Suzuki, Y., Ishii, Y.: Temperature dependence of the polymerization modes of glutaraldehyde. Chem. Abstr. 65, 13835 (Abstract of Japanese article in Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi 68, 2459–2463) (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hopwood, D. The elution patterns of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal and α-hydroxyadipaldehyde from Sephadex G-10 and their significance for tissue fixation. Histochemie 20, 127–132 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268706
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268706