Summary
Ribosomal proteins of the dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus were isolated and characterized by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins from ribosomes of the yeast and mycelial phase were compared, and were found to be qualitatively indistinguishable. The only consistant difference in the patterns of proteins was in a protein of the 40S subunit, S-6. This protein was phosphorylated in yeast and hyphae forms, but not in asexual sporangiospores. Studies on protein S-6 showed that it contained 3 phosphate residues per molecule of protein when maximally phosphorylated. In this form 3 different tryptic peptides were shown to contain a single phosphoserine. The S-6 protein also existed in forms containing 1 or 2 phosphates per molecule, depending on growth conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bartnicki-Garcia, S., Nickerson, W., Jr.: Induction of yeastlike development in Mucor by carbon dioxide. J. Bacteriol. 84, 829–840 (1962)
Bylund, D.B., Huang, T.: Decomposition of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine during acid hydrolysis. Anal. Biochem. 73, 477–485 (1976)
Cohlberg, J.A., Nomura, M.: Reconstitution of Bacillus stearothermophilus 50S ribosomal subunits from purified molecular components. J. Biol. Chem. 251, 209–221 (1976)
Delaunay, J., Mathieu, C., Schapira, G.: Eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Interspecific and intraspecific comparisons by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eur. J. Biochem. 31, 561–564 (1972)
Freinenstein, C., Blobel, G.: Nonribosomal proteins associated with eukaryotic native small ribosomal subunits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 3392–3396 (1975)
Gressner, A., Wool, I.G.: The phosphorylation of liver ribosomal proteins in vivo. Evidence that only a single-small subunit protein (S6) is phosphorylated. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 6917–6925 (1974)
Gressner, A., Wool, I.G.: Influence of glucagon and cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate on the phosphorylation of rat liver ribosomal protein S6. J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1500–1504 (1976)
Huynh-Van-Tan, Delaunay, J., Schapira, G.: Eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Two dimensional electrophoretic studies. FEBS Lett. 17, 163–167 (1971)
Inderlied, C., Cihlar, R.L., Sypherd, P.S.: Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase during morphogenesis in Mucor racemosus. (In press) (1979)
Kaerlein, M., Horak, I.: Phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins in HeLa cells infected with vaccinia virus. Nature 259, 150–151 (1976)
Kaltschmidt, E., Wittmann, H.G.: Ribosomal proteins, XII. Number of proteins in small and large ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli as determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 67, 1276–1282 (1970)
Krebs, E.: Protein kinases. Curr. Top. Cell Regul. 5, 99–113 (1972)
Laemmli, U.K.: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680–685 (1970)
Lambertsson, A.G.: The ribosomal proteins of Drosophila melanogaster IV. Characterization by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the ribosomal proteins from nine postembryonic developmental stages. Mol. Gen. Genet. 139, 133–144 (1975)
Larsen, A.D., Sypherd, P.S.: Cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate and morphogenesis in Mucor racemosus. J. Bacteriol. 117, 432–438 (1974)
Lastick, S.M., Nielsen, P.J., McConkey, E.H.: Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in suspension cultured HeLa cells. Mol. Gen. Genet. 152, 223–230 (1977)
Leader, D.P., Rankie, A.D., Coia, A.A.: The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in baby hamster kidney fibroblasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 71, 966–974 (1976)
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J.: Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265–275 (1951)
McConkey, E.H., Hauber, E.J.: Evidence for heterogeneity of ribosomes within the HeLa cell. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1311–1318 (1975)
Orlowski, M.E., Sypherd, P.S.: Protein synthesis during morphogenesis of Mucor racemosus. J. Bacteriol. 132, 209–218 (1977)
Orlowski, M.E., Sypherd, P.S.: Regulation of translation rate during morphogenesis in the fungus Mucor. Biochemistry 17, 569–575 (1978a)
Orlowski, M.E., Sypherd, P.S.: Regulation of macromolecular synthesis during hyphal germ tube emergence from Mucor racemosus sporangiospores. J. Bacteriol. 134, 76–83 (1978b)
Petterson, I., Hardy, S.J.S., Liljas, A.: The ribosomal protein L8 is a complex of L7/L12 and L10. FEBS Lett. 64, 135–138 (1976)
Rankine, A.D., Leader, D.P., Coia, A.A.: The phosphorylation of the ribosomal proteins of Krebs II ascites cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 474, 293–307 (1977)
Rogers, A.: Ribosomal proteins in rapidly growing and non-proliferating mouse cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 294, 292–296 (1973)
Sherton, C.C., Wool, I.G.: Determination of the number of proteins in liver ribosomes and ribosomal subunits by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 4460–4467 (1972)
Sherton, C.C., Wool, I.G.: A comparison of the proteins of rat skeletal muscle and liver ribosomes by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2258–2267 (1974)
Subramanian, A.R., Gilbert, J.M., Kumar, A.: Comparison of ribosomal proteins from neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 383, 93–96 (1975)
Traugh, J.A., Porter, G.G.: A comparison of ribosomal proteins from rabbit reticulocytes phosphorylated in situ and in vitro. Biochem. 15, 610–616 (1976)
Wool, I.G., Stöffler, G.: Structure and function of eukaryotic ribosomes. In: Ribosomes (Nomura, M., Tissieres, A., Lengyel, P., eds.) p. 417–460. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1974
Zinker, S., Warner, J.R.: The ribosomal proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1799–1807 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by H.G. Wittmann
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Larsen, A., Sypherd, P. Ribosomal proteins of the dimorphic fungus, Mucor racemosus . Molec. Gen. Genet. 175, 99–109 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267861
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267861