Summary
Long-range physical maps of the small multigene family of the malt α-amylase genes (α-Amy-1) located on the long arms of wheat chromosomes 6A (the α-Amy-A1 locus) and 6B (α-Amy-B1) were generated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. By using three methylation-sensitive rare-cutter restriction endonucleases, NotI, NruI and MluI, and an α-Amy-1 cDNA probe and four gene-specific genomic probes from the α-Amy-B1 locus, the size of the α-Amy-B1 locus was estimated to be about 700 kb and of the α-Amy-B1 locus to be about approximately 4300 kb. These two maps indicate clustering of GC-rich and C-methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme recognition sites. At least five regions reminiscent of ‘CpG islands’ are apparent in α-Amy-B1, and three in α-Amy-A1. Correlation between recombination frequency and physical distance within the α-Amy-B1 locus suggests that 1 cM approximates to 1 Mb in physical distance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ainsworth CC, Doherty P, Edwards KGK, Martienssen RA, Gale MD (1985) Allelic variation at α-amylase locus in hexaploid wheat. Theor Appl Genet 70:400–406
Antequera F, Bird AP (1988) Unmethylated CpG islands associated with genes in higher plant DNA. EMBO J 7:2295–2299
Baulcombe DC, Buffard D (1983) Giberellic acid-regulated expression of α-amylase and six other genes in wheat aleurone layer. Planta 157:493–501
Bird AP (1986) CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation. Nature 321:209–213
Bird AP (1987) CpG islands as gene markers in the vertebrate nucleus. Trends Genet 3:342–347
Bird AP, Taggart M, Frommer M, Miller OJ, Macleod D (1985) A fraction of the mouse genome that is derived from islands of non-methylated CpG rich DNA. Cell 40:91–99
Brown WRA (1988) A physical map of the human pseudoautosomal region. EMBO J 7:2337–2385
Burmeister M, Lehrach H (1986) Long-range restriction map around the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene. Nature 324:582–585
Carle GF, Frank M, Olson MV (1986) Electrophoretic separations of large DNA molecules by periodic inversion of the electric field. Science 233:65–68
Chao S, Sharp PJ, Worland AJ, Warham EJ, Koebner RMD, Gale MD (1989) RFLP-based genetic maps of wheat homoeologous group 7 chromosomes. Theor Appl Genet 78:495–504
Cheung WY, Gale MD (1990) The isolation of high molecular weight DNA from wheat, barley and rye for analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Plant Mol Biol 14:881–888
Chu G, Vollrath D, Davis RW (1986) Separations of large DNA molecules by countour-clamped homogeneous fields. Science 234:1582–1585
Fountain JW, Wallace MR, Bruce MA, Seizinger BR, Menon AG, Gusella JF, Michels VV, Schmidt MA, Dewald GW, Collins FS (1989) Physical mapping of a translocation breakpoint in neurofibromatosis. Science 244:1085–1087
Fulton TR, Bowcock AM, Smith DR, Daneshvar L, Green P, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Donis-Keller H (1988) A 12 megabase restriction map at the cystic fibrosis locus. Nucleic Acids Res 17:271–284
Gale MD, Law CN, Chojecki AJ, Kempton RA (1983) Genetic control of α-amylase production in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 64:309–316
Ganal MW, Young ND, Tanksley SD (1989) Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and physical mapping of large DNA fragments in the Tm-2a region of chromosome 9 in tomato. Mol Gen Genet 215:395–400
Gardiner K, Horisbergen M, Kraus J, Tantravahi U, Korenberg J, Ras V, Reddy S, Patterson D (1990) Analysis of human chromosome 21: correlation of physical and cytogenetic maps; gene and CpG island distribution. EMBO J 9:25–34
Gardiner-Garden M, Frommer M (1987) CpG islands in vertebrate genomes. J Mol Biol 196:261–282
Hardy DA, Bell JI, Long EO, Lindsten T, McDevitt HO (1986) Mapping of the class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Nature 323:453–455
Herrmann BR, Barlow DP, Lehrach H (1987) A large inverted duplication allows homologous recombination between chromosomes heterozygous for the proximal t-complex inversion. Cell 48:813–825
Lawrence SK, Smith CL, Srivastava R, Cantor CR, Weissman SM (1987) Megabase scale mapping of the HLA gene complex by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Science 235:1387–1390
Lazarus CM, Baulcombe DC, Martienssen RA (1985) α-amylase genes of wheat are two multigene families which are differentially expressed. Plant Mol Biol 5:13–24
Martienssen RA (1986) The molecular genetics of alpha-amylase gene families in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ph D Thesis, Cambridge University
Martienssen RA, Baulcombe DC (1989) An unusual wheat insertion sequence (WIS1) lies upstream of an α-amylase gene in hexaploid wheat, and carries a “minisatellite” array. Mol Gen Genet 217:401–410
Nishikawa K, Nobuhara M (1971) Genetic studies of α-amylase isozymes in wheat. I. Location of genes and variation in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. Jpn J Genet 46:345–358
O'Connell P, Leach P, Cawthon RM, Culver M, Stevena J, Viskochil D, Fournier REK, Rich DC, White R (1989) Two NFI translocations map within a 600 kilobase segment of 17q11.2. Science 244:1087–1088
Rappold GA, Lehrach H (1988) A long-range restriction map of the pseudoautosomal region by partial digest PFGE analysis from the telomere. Nucleic Acids Res 16:5361–5377
Rick CM (1971) Some cytogenetic features of the genome in diploid plant species. Stadler Genetic Symp 1:153–174
Rothstein SJ, Lazarus CM, Smith WE, Baulcombe DC, Gatenby AA (1984) Secretion of a wheat α-amylase expressed in yeast. Nature 308:662–665
Sargeant JG (1980) α-amylase isozymes and starch degradation. Cereal Res Commun 8:77–86
Schwartz DC, Cantor CR (1984) Separation of yeast chromosome sized DNAs by pulsed-field gradient electrophoresis. Cell 37:67–75
Sears ER (1966) Nullisomic-tetrasomic combinations in hexaploid wheat. In: Riley R, Lewis KR (eds) Chromosome manipulation and plant genetics. Oliver and Boyd, London, pp 29–45
Sears ER, Sears LMS (1978) The telocentric chromosomes of common wheats. In: Ramanujan S (ed) Proc 5th Int Wheat Genet Symup Indian Soc Genet Plant Breed, New Dehli, pp 389–407
Sharp PJ, Kries M, Shewry PR, Gale MD (1988) Location of β-amylase sequences in wheat and its relatives. Theor Appl Genet 75:286–290
Snape JW, de Buyser J, Henry Y, Simpson E (1986) A comparison of methods of haploid production in a cross of wheat, Triticum aestivum. Z Pflanzenzucht 96:320–330
Sorensen MB (1989) Mapping of the Hor2 locus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Calsberg Res Commun 54:109–120
Yung-Yu C, Milstein C (1989) A physical map linking the five CD1 human thymocyte differentiation antigen genes. EMBO J 8:3727–3732
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by R. Hagemann
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cheung, W.Y., Chao, S. & Gale, M.D. Long-range physical mapping of the α-amylase-1 (α-Amy-1) loci on homoeologous group 6 chromosomes of wheat. Molec. Gen. Genet. 229, 373–379 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267458
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267458