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Half-joint allograft transplantation in human bone tumours

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Summary

Seven patients with malignant or aggressive bone tumours involving the end of a long bone have been treated by wide resection and an allograft providing a half-joint transplantation. The observation period is from 2 to 9 years (average 5 years). The allografts were preserved at −70 °C for a period ranging from 1 week to more than 2 years. Computed tomography was very useful in the preoperative determination of the grade of infiltration tumour growth in bone. The host's own ligaments were used in the reconstruction. Immunosuppression was not used.

The fate and metabolism of the allografts were followed by clinical examination, conventional radiographs, angiography, bone scintigraphy, cell-mediated immunity tests, biopsies for histology and by determining the excretion of the urinary products of bone metabolism (duHYPro, dUCa, dUPi). Positive isotope labelling was demonstrated as early as 2 weeks after transplantation and this increased and stabilised at about 6 months. Simultaneously, the collagen/bone matrix turnover (HYPro excretion) showed a slightly raised level for up to 3–6 months, stabilising thereafter indicating a moderate, but prolonged, regenerative activity of the graft. On the basis of these and the histological studies, weight-bearing was gradually started at 6 months, which is earlier than described in previous reports. The patients had knee flexion up to 90° and walked well. Studies on whole-blood cell-mediated immunity showed only slight non-significant changes. The results indicate that the grafts incorporated well with early, and subsequently prolonged, evidence of metabolic activity.

Résumé

7 malades atteints de tumeurs osseuses malignes ou aggressives situées au niveau de l'extrémité d'un os long ont été traités par résection large et allogreffe, réalisant la transplantation d'une hémi-articulation. La durée d'observation est de 2 à 9 ans (en moyenne 5 ans). Les allogreffes ont été conservées à −70° pendant une période allant d'une semaine à plus de 2 ans. La tomographie computerisée a été très utile pour la détermination pré-opératoire du degré d'infiltration de la croissance tumorale osseuse. Les ligaments du sujet receveur ont été utilisés pour la reconstruction. On n'a pas eu recours à l'immuno-suppression.

L'évolution et le métabolisme des allogreffes ont été suivis grâce à l'examen clinique, aux radiographies standard, à l'angiographie, à la scintigraphie osseuse, aux tests d'immunité cellulaire, aux biopsies pour examen histologique et en déterminant l'excrétion urinaire des produits du métabolisme osseux (hydroxyproline) calcium et phosphates). Des réactions isotopiques positives se sont manifestées dès la deuxième semaine après la transplantation, puis ont augmenté et se sont stabilisées vers le 6ème mois. Simultanément, le »turnover« collagène/matrice osseuse (excrétion de l'hydroxyproline) a montré une légère augmentation pendant 3 à 6 mois, indiquant une activité de régénération de la greffe, modérée mais prolongée. Du fait de ces constatations et des résultats des examens histologiques, la reprise de l'appui a été progressivement autorisée à partir du 6ème mois, c'est à dire plus tôt qu'il n'est dit dans les publications plus anciennes. Les malades ont récupéré une flexion du genou atteignant 90° et marchent correctement. L'étude de l'immunité cellulaire sanguine n'a montré que de minimes changements, non significatifs. Ces résultats prouvent que les greffes s'incorporent bien, avec des signes d'activité métabolique précoce et longtemps prolongée.

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Aho, A.J. Half-joint allograft transplantation in human bone tumours. International Orthopaedics 9, 77–87 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266947

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