Summary
We have undertaken a systematic search for plastid DNA sequences integrated in the tomato nuclear genome, using heterologous probes taken from intervals of a plastid DNA region spanning 58 kb. A total of two short integrates (202 and 141 nucleotides) were isolated and mapped to chromosomes 9 and 5, respectively. The nucelotide sequence of the integrates and that of the flanking regions were determined. The integration sites contain direct repeat elements similar in position (but not in length or sequence) to the direct repeats previously observed with another plastid integrate in the tomato nuclear genome. Based on these results, a model for the process of movement and integration of plastid sequences into the nuclear genome is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ayliffe MA, Timmis JN, Scott NS (1988) Homologies to the chloroplast DNA in the nuclear DNA of a number of Chenopod species. Theor Appl Genet 75:282–285
Baldauf SL, Palmer JD (1990) Evolutionary transfer of the chloroplast tufA gene to the nucleus. Nature 344:262–265
Cheung WY, Scott NS (1989) A contiguous sequence in spinach nuclear DNA is homologous to three separated sequences in chloroplast DNA. Theor Appl Genet 77:625–633
Daring HP, Starlinger P (1986) Molecular genetics of transposable elements in plants. Annu Rev Genet 20:175–200
Fejes E, Masters BS, McCarthy DM, Hauswirth WW (1988) Sequence and transcriptional analysis of a chloroplast insert in the mitochondrial genome of Zea mays. Curr Genet 13:509–515
du Jardin P (1990) Homologies to plastid DNA in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of potato. Theor Appl Genet 79:807–812
Maxam AM, Gilbert W (1980) Sequencing end-labelled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol 65:499–560
Palmer JD (1985) Comparative organization of chloroplast genomes. Annu Rev Genet 19:325–354
Palmer JD (1990a) Contrasting modes and tempos of genome evolution in land plant organelles. Trends Genet 6:115–120
Palmer JD (1990b) Plastid chromosomes: structure and evolution. In: Bogorad L, Vasil IK (eds) The molecular biology of plants. (Cell culture and somatic cell genetics in plants, vol 7), Academic Press, Orlando, Florida
Pfeiffer P, Vielmetter W (1988) Joining of nonhomologous DNA double strand breaks in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res 16:907–924
Pichersky E (1990) Nomad DNA — a model for movement and duplication of DNA sequences in plant genomes. Plant Mol Biol 15:431–448
Pichersky E, Tanksley SD (1988) Chloroplast DNA sequences integrated into an intron of a tomato nuclear gene. Mol Gen Genet 215:65–68
Pichersky E, Bernatzky R, Tanksley SD, Breidenbach W, Kausch A, Cashmore AR (1985) Isolation, molecular characterization, and genetic mapping of two clusters of genes encoding chlorophyll a/b binding proteins in Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). Gene 40:247–258
Pichersky E, Bernatzky R, Tanksley SD, Cashmore AR (1986) Evidence for selection as a mechanism in the concerted evolution of the Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) nuclear genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:3880–3884
Pichersky E, Hoffman NE, Malik VS, Bernatzky R, Tanksley SD, Szabo L, Cashmore AR (1987) The tomato Cab-4 and Cab-5 genes encode a second type of CAB polypeptides localized in PSII. Plant Mol Biol 9:109–120
Pichersky E, Tanksley SD, Piechulla B, Stayton MM, Dunsmuir P (1988) Nucleotide sequence and chromosomal location of Cab-7, the tomato gene encoding the Type I chlorophyll a/bbinding polypeptide of photosystem I. Plant Mol Biol 11:69–71
Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5463–5467
Scott NS, Timmis JS (1984) Homologies between nuclear and plastid DNA in spinach. Theor Appl Genet 67:279–288
Shinozaki K, Ohme M, Tanaka M, Wakasugi T, Hayashida N, Matsubayashi T, Zaita N, Cunwongse J, Obokata J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Ohto C, Torazawa K, Meng BY, Sugita M, Deno H, Kamogashira T, Yamada K, Kusuda J, Takaiwa F, Kato A, Tohdon n, Shimoda H, Sugiura M (1986) The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression. EMBO J 5:2043–2049
Sugita M, Manzara T, Pichersky E, Cashmore AR, Gruissem W (1987) Genome organization, sequence analysis and expression of all five genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from tomato. Mol Gen Genet 209:247–256
Tanksley D, Miller J, Paterson A, Bernatzky R (1987) Molecular mapping of plant chromosomes. In: Gustafson JP, Appels RA (eds) Chromosome structure and function. Plenum Press, New York, pp 157–173
Timmis JN, Scott NS (1983) Spinach nuclear and chloroplast DNAs have homologous sequences. Nature 305:65–67
Weeden NF (1981) Genetic and biochemical implications of the endosymbiotic origin of the chloroplast. J Mol Evol 17:133–139
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by E. Meyerowitz
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pichersky, E., Logsdon, J.M., McGrath, J.M. et al. Fragments of plastid DNA in the nuclear genome of tomato: prevalence, chromosomal location, and possible mechanism of integration. Molec. Gen. Genet. 225, 453–458 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00261687
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00261687