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Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB in diagnosis of myocardial ischaemic injury and infarction

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Abstract

This review deals with glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and its isoenzyme BB in the diagnosis of ischaemic myocardial injury. Early identification and confirmation of acute myocardial infarction is essential for correct patient care and disposition decision in the emergency department. In this respect, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) based on its metabolic function is an enzyme for early laboratory detection of ischaemia. In the aerobic heart muscle GPBB together with glycogen is tightly associated with the vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Release of GPBB, the main isoform in the human myocardium, essentially depends on the degradation of glycogen, which is catalyzed by GP. Ischaemia is known to favour the conversion of bound GP in the b form into GP a, thereby accelerating glycogen breakdown, which is the ultimate prerequisite for getting GP into a soluble form being able to move freely in the cytosol. The efflux of GPBB into the extracellular fluid follows if ischaemia-induced structural alterations in the cell membrane become manifest. The clinical application of GPBB as a marker of ischaemic myocardial injury is a very promising tool for extending our knowledge of the severity of myocardial ischaemic events in the various coronary syndromes. The rational roots of this development were originated from Albert Wollenberger's research work on the biochemistry of cardiac ischaemia and the transient acceleration of glycogenolysis mainly brought about by GP activation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Berlin-Buch, Germany

    Ernst-Georg Krause & Georg Rabitzsch

  2. Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Berlin-Steglitz, Germany

    Franz Noll

  3. Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Johannes Maire & Bernd Puschendorf

Authors
  1. Ernst-Georg Krause
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  2. Georg Rabitzsch
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  3. Franz Noll
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  4. Johannes Maire
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  5. Bernd Puschendorf
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Krause, EG., Rabitzsch, G., Noll, F. et al. Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB in diagnosis of myocardial ischaemic injury and infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 160, 289–295 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00240061

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