Skip to main content
Log in

Spinal projections of the gigantocellular reticular formation in the rat. Evidence for projections from different areas to laminae I and II and lamina IX

  • Published:
Experimental Brain Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

We have used the autoradiographic method to study the organization of spinal projections from the gigantocellular reticular nucleus in the rat. Of particular note was the evidence obtained for projections to laminae I, II and IX. Reticular projections to laminae I and II arise more rostrally in Gi than those to lamina IX. Projections to laminae III–VIII and X as well as to autonomic nuclei have also been documented. Our results suggest that the gigantocellular reticular nucleus of the rat can be subdivided on connectional grounds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

Amb:

ambiguus nucleus

DOR:

dorsal

Fac:

facial nucleus

g7:

genu of facial nerve

Gi:

gigantocellular reticular nucleus

IML:

intermediolateral cell column

LAT:

lateral

OI:

inferior olive

PCRt:

parvocellular reticular nucleus

PGi:

paragigantocellular reticular nucleus

PMn:

paramedian reticular nucleus

PrH:

prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Py:

pyramidal tract

RMg:

raphe magnus nucleus

Sol:

nucleus of the solitary tract

Sp5i:

spinal trigeminal nucleus; pars interpolaris

Sp50:

spinal trigeminal nucleus; pars oralis

SpVe:

spinal vestibular nucleus

12:

hypoglossal nucleus

References

  • Andrezik JA, Beitz AT (1984) Reticular formation, central gray and related tegmental nuclei. In: Paxinos G, Watson C (eds) The rat nervous system: a handbook for neuroscientists. Academic Press, New York (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Basbaum AI, Clanton CH, Fields HL (1978) Three bulbospinal pathways from the rostral medulla of the cat: an autoradiographic study of pain modulating systems. J Comp Neurol 178: 209–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Basbaum AI, Fields HL (1979) The origin of descending pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord of the cat and rat: further studies on the anatomy of pain modulation. J Comp Neurol 187: 513–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowker RM, Westlund KN, Sullivan MC, Coulter JD (1982) Organization of descending serotonergic projections to the spinal cord. In: Kuypers HGJM, Martin GF (eds) Descending pathways to the spinal cord. Elsevier, Amsterdam (Progress in Brain Research, Vol 57, pp 185–217)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlström A, Fuxe K (1964) Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in cell bodies of brain stem neurons. Acta Physiol Scand 62 (Supp l232): 1–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlström A, Fuxe K (1965) Evidence for the existence of monoamine neurons in the central nervous system. II. Experimentally induced changes in the intraneuronal amine levels of the bulbospinal neuron systems. Acta Physiol Scand 64 (Suppl 247): 1–36

    Google Scholar 

  • de Olmos JS (1977) An improved method for the study of the central nervous connections. Exp Brain Res 29: 541–551

    Google Scholar 

  • Goshgarian HG, Rafols JA (1981) The phrenic nucleus of the albino rat: a correlative HRP and Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 201: 441–456

    Google Scholar 

  • Holstege G, Kuypers HGJM, Boer RC (1979) Anatomical evidence for direct brain stem projections to the somatic motoneuronal cell groups and autonomic preganglionic cell groups in cat spinal cord. Brain Res 171: 329–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Holstege G, Kuypers HGJM (1982) The anatomy of brain stem pathways to the spinal cord in cat. A labeled amino acid tracing study. In: Kuypers HGJM, Martin GF (eds) Descending pathways to the spinal cord. Elsevier, Amsterdam (Progress in Brain Research, Vol 57, pp 145–175)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holstege JC, Kuypers HGJM (1982) Brainstem projections to spinal motoneuronal cell groups in rat studied by means of electron microscopy and autoradiography. In: Kuypers HGJM, Martin GF (eds) Descending pathways in the spinal cord. Elsevier, Amsterdam (Progress in Brain Research, Vol 57, pp 145–175)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huisman AM, Kuypers HGJM, Verburgh CA (1981) Quantitative differences in collateralization of the descending spinal pathways from red nucleus and other brainstem cell groups in rat as demonstrated with the fluorescent retrograde tracing technique. Brain Res 209: 271–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuypers HGJM, Fleming WR, Farinholt JW (1962) Subcorticospinal projections in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 118: 107–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuypers HGJM (1982) A new look at the organization of the motor system. In: Kuypers HGJM, Martin GF (eds) Descending pathways to the spinal cord. Elsevier, Amsterdam (Progress in Brain Research, Vol 57, pp 381–403)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leichnetz GR, Watkins L, Griffin G, Murfin R, Mayer DJ (1978) The projection from the nucleus raphe magnus and other brain stem nuclei to the spinal cord in the rat: a study using the HRP blue-reaction. Neurosci Lett 8: 119–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewy AO, Wallach JH, McKellar S (1981) Efferent connections of the ventral medulla oblongata. Brain Res Rev 3: 63–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewy AO, McKellar S (1981) Serotonergic projections from the ventral medulla to the intermediolateral cell column in the rat. Brain Res 211: 146–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin GF, Dom R (1971) Reticulospinal fibers of the opossum, Didelphis virginiana. I. Origin. J Comp Neurol 141: 453–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin GF, Humbertson AO, Laxson C, Panneton WM (1979) Evidence for direct bulbospinal projections to laminae IX, X and the intermediolateral cell column. Studies using axonal transport techniques in the North American opossum. Brain Res 170: 165–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin GF, Cabana T, Humbertson AO, Laxson LC, Panneton WM (1981) Spinal projections from the medullary reticular formation of the North American opossum: evidence for connectional heterogeneity. J Comp Neurol 196: 663–682

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin GF, Cabana T, DiTirro FJ, Ho RH, Humbertson AO (1982) Reticular and raphe projections to the spinal cord of the North American opossum. Evidence for connectional heterogeneity. In: Kuypers HGJM, Martin GF (eds) Descending pathways to the spinal cord. Elsevier, Amsterdam (Progress in Brain Research, Vol 57, pp 109–129)

    Google Scholar 

  • McCall RB, Aghajanian GK (1979) Serotonergic facilitation of facial motoneuron excitation. Brain Res 169: 11–27

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKellar S, Loewy AD (1982) Efferent projections of the A1 catecholamine cell group in the rat: an autoradiographic study. Brain Res 241: 11–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehler WC (1983) Observations on the connectivity of the parvicellular reticular formation with respect to a vomiting center. Brain Behav Evol 23: 63–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Merrill EG (1970) The lateral respiratory neurons of the medulla: their association with nucleus ambiguus, nucleus retroambiguus, the spinal accessory nucleus and the spinal cord. Brain Res 24: 11–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Modianos D, Pfaff DW (1979) Medullary reticular formation lesions and lordosis reflex in female rats. Brain Res 171: 334–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyberg-Hansen R (1965) Sites and mode of termination of reticulo-spinal fibers in the cat. An experimental study with silver impregnation methods. J Comp Neurol 124: 71–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Paxinos G, Watson C (1982) The rat brainstem in stereotaxic coordinates. Academic Press, New York, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Petras J (1967) Cortical, tectal and tegmental fiber connections in the spinal cord of the cat. Brain Res 6: 275–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Rexed B (1952) The cytoarchitectonic organization of the spinal cord in the cat. J Comp Neurol 96: 415–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Satoh K (1979) The origin of reticulospinal fibers in the rat: an HRP study. J Hirnforsch 20: 313–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinbusch HWM (1981) Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat-cell bodies and terminals. Neuroscience 6: 557–618

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins LR, Griffin G, Leichnetz CR, Mayer DJ (1980) The somatotopic organization of the nucleus raphe magnus and surrounding brain stem structures as revealed by HRP slow release gels. Brain Res 187: 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins LR, Mayer DL (1982) Organization of endogenous opiate and nonopiate pain control systems. Science 216: 1185–1192

    Google Scholar 

  • Zemlan FP, Kow L, Morrell JL, Pfaff D (1979) Descending tracts of the lateral columns of the rat spinal cord: a study using the horseradish peroxidase and silver impregnation techniques. J Anat 128: 489–512

    Google Scholar 

  • Zemlan FB, Behbenani MM, Beckstead RM (1982) Ascending and descending projections of N.R. magnocellularis (NMC) and N.R. gigantocellularis (NGc): an autoradiographic and HRP study. Soc Neurosci Abst 8: 92

    Google Scholar 

  • Zemlan FP, Behbenani MM, Beckstead RM (1984) Ascending and descending projections from nucleus reticularis magnocellularis and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis: an autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. Brain Res 292: 207–220

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This investigation was supported by BNS-8309245 and NS-10165-10 to Dr. Martin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Martin, G.F., Vertes, R.P. & Waltzer, R. Spinal projections of the gigantocellular reticular formation in the rat. Evidence for projections from different areas to laminae I and II and lamina IX. Exp Brain Res 58, 154–162 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00238963

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00238963

Key words

Navigation