Abstract
We have estimated the incidence of microand mini-satellites in the dog genome. A genomic phage library from canine liver, with an average insert size of 16 kb, was screened to detect potentially polymorphic microand mini-satellite sequences, which may be useful for the development of markers of inherited diseases, for fingerprinting, or for population genetics. Synthetic oligonucleotide probes were used to search for microsatellite sequences, and minisatellites were investigated with eight heterologous VNTR probes. (CA)n.(GT)n sequences were by far the most frequent, with a calculated average distance between consecutive loci of 42 kb. The average distance between loci of tri- or tetra-nucleotide repeats was about 330 kb. Mean inter-locus distances were 320 kb for (GGC)n, 205 kb for (GTG)n, 563 kb for (AGG)n, 320 kb for (TCG)n, 233 kb for (TTA)n, 384 kb for (CCTA)n, 368 kb for (CTGT)n, 122 kb for (TTCC)n, 565 kb for (TCTA)n, and 229 kb for (TAGG)n. Cross-hybridization with eight human minisatellite probes was found at average distances of 1400 kb; only one did not hybridize at all. We conclude that the di-, tri and tetra-nucleotide short tandem repeats, as well as some minisatellite sequences, are potentially useful as genetic markers, for mapping of the canine genome, and also for paternity testing and the analysis of population characteristics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Armour JA, Povey S, Jeremiah S, Jeffreys AJ (1990) Systematic cloning of human minisatellites from ordered array charomid libraries. Genomics 8:501–512
Borrow J, Black DM, Goddard AD, Yagle MK, Frischauf AM, Solomon E (1991) Construction and regional localization of clones from Not1 linking library from human chromosome 17q. Genomics 10:477–480
Brezinsky L, Kemp SJ, Teale AJ (1992) ILSTS001: a polymorphic bovine microsatellite. AnimGenet 23:184
Buchanan FC, Swarbrick PA, Crawford AM (1991) Ovine dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the MAF4 locus. Anim Genet 22:373–374
Capy P, Brookfield JFY (1991) Estimation of relatedness in natural populations using highly-olymorphic genetic markers. Genet Sel Evol 23:391–406
Cooper BJ, Winand NJ, Stedman H, Valentine BA, Hoffman EP, Kunkel LM, Scott MO, Fischbeck KH, Kornegay JN, Avery RJ (1988) The homologue of the Duchenne locus is defective in X-linked muscular dystrophy of dogs. Nature 334:154–156
Edwards A, Civitello A, Hammond HA, Caskey CT (1991) DNA typing and genetic mapping with trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeats. Am J Hum Genet 49:746–746
Edwards A, Hammond HA, Jin L, Caskey CT, Chakraborty R (1992) Genetic variation at five trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeat loci in four human population groups. Genomics 12:241–253
Ellegren H, Andersson L, Johansson M, Sandberg K (1992) DNA fingerprinting in horses using a simple (TG)n probe and its application to population comparisons. Anim Genet 23:1–9
Epplen JT, Ammer H, Epplen C, Kammerbauer C, Mitreiter R, Roewer L, Schwaiger W, Steimle V, Zischler H, Albert E, Andreas A, Beyermann B, Meyer W, Buitkamp J, Nanda I, Schmid M, Nürnberg P, Pena SDJ, P:oche H, Sprecher W, Schartl K, Weising K, Yassouridis A (1991) Oligonucleotide fingerprinting using simple repeat motifs: a convenient, ubiquitously-applicable method to detect hypervariability for multiple purposes. In: Burke T, Dolf G, Jeffreys AJ, Wolff R (es) DNA fingerprinting: approaches and applications. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, pp 50–69
Fain PR, Luty JA, Guo Z, Nguyen K, Barker DF, Litt M (1991) Localization of the highly-olymorphic micro satellite DXS456 on the genetic linkage map of the human x chromosome. Genomics 11:1155–1157
Fyfe JC, Ramunujam KS, Ramaswamy K, Patterson DF, Seetharam B (1991) Defective brush-border expression of intrinsic factor cobalamin receptor in canine inherited-cobalamin malabsorption. J Biol Chem 266:4489–4494
Georges M, Lequarre AS, Castelli M, Hanset R, Vassart G (1988) DNA fingerprinting in domestic animals using four different minisatellite probes. Cytogenet Cell Genet 47:127–131
Giger U, Smith BF, Woods CB, Patterson DF, Stedman H (1992) Inherited phosphofructokinase deficiency in an American Cocker Spaniel. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1569–1571
Hazan J, Dubay C, Pankowiak M-C, Becuwe N, Weissenbach J (1992) A genetic linkage map of human chromosome 20 composed entirely of microsatellite markers. Genomics 12:183–189
Human gene mapping 11 (1991) human sequence-tagged microsatellites. Cytogenet Cell Genet 58:1701–1717
Hundrieser J, Nürnberg P, Czeizel AE, Métneki J, Rothgänger S, Zischler H, Epplen JT (1992) Characterization of hypervariable locus-specific probes derived from (CAC)5/(GTG)5 multilocus fingerprints in various Eurasian populations. Hum Genet 90:27–33
Jeffreys AJ, Morton DB (1987) DNA fingerprinting of dogs and cats. Anim Genet 18:1–15
Jeffreys AJ, Wilson V, Thein SL (1985) Hypervariable ‘minisatellite’ regions in human DNA. Nature 314:67–73
Jeffreys AJ, Wilson V, Neumann R, Keyte J (1988) Amplification of human minisatellites by the polymerase chain reaction: towards DNA fingerprinting of single cells. Nucleic Acids Res 16:10953–10970
Mills KA, Buetow KH, Xu Y, Ritty TM, Mathews KD, Bodrug SE, Wijmenga C, Balazs I, Murray JC (1992) Genetic and physical mapping on chromosome 4 narrows the localization of the gene for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Am J Hum Genet 51:432–439
Milner EC, Lotshaw CL, Willems-van Dijk K, Charmley P, Concannon P, Schroeder HW (1989) Isolation and mapping of a polymorphic DNA sequence pH30 on chromosome 4 [HGM provisional no. D4S139]. Nucleic Acids Res 17:4002
Nakamura Y, Martin C, Meyers R, Ballard L, Leppert M, O'Connell P, Lathrop GM, Lalouel JM, White R (1988) Isolation and mapping of a polymorphic DNA sequence (pCMM86) on chromosome 17q [D17S74]. Nucleic Acids Res 16:5223
Ostrander EA, Sprague GF, Rine J (1993) Identification and characterization of dinucleotide repeat (CA)n markers for genetic mapping in dog. Genomics 16:207–213
Royle NJ, Clarkson RE, Wong Z, Jeffreys AJ (1988) Clustering of hypervariable minisatellites in the proterminal regions of human autosomes. Genomics 3:352–360
Schäfer R, Zischler H, Birschner U, Becker A, Epplen JT (1988) Optimized oligonucleotide probes for DNA fingerprinting. Electrophoresis 9:369–374
Schelling CP, Clavadetcher E, Schärer E, Thomann PE, Kuenzle CC, Hübscher U (1991) Two-dimensional DNA-fingerprinting in animals. In: Burke T, Dolf G, Jeffreys AJ, Wolff R (eds) DNA fingerprinting: approaches and applications. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, pp 283–293
Sharp NJ, Kornegay JN, Van Camp SD, Herbstreib MH, Secore SL, Kettle S, Hung WY, Constantinou CD, Dijkstra MJ, Roses AD (1992) An error in dystrophin mRNA processing in golden retriever muscular dystrophy, an animal homologue of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Genomics 13:115–121
Stallings RL, Ford AF, Nelson D, Torney DC, Hildebrand CE, Moyzis RK (1991) Evolution and distribution of (GT)n repetitive sequences in mammalian genomes. Genomics 10:807–815
Turner BJ, Elder JF, Laughlin TF (1991) Repetitive DNA sequences and the divergence of fish populations: some hopeful beginnings. J Fish Biol 39 Suppd A:131–142
Vaiman D, Mercier RO, Grohs C, Levéziel H (1992) Characterization of five new bovine dinucleotide repeats. Anim Genet 23:537–541
Vassart G, George M, Monsieur R, Brocas H, Lequarre AS, Cristophe D (1987) A sequence in M13 phage detects hypervariable minisatellites in human and animal DNA. Science 235:683–684
Weber JL (1990) Informativeness of human (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n polymorphisms. Genomics 7:524–530
Wilkie PJ, Krizman D, Weber JL (1992) Linkage map of human chromosome 9 microsatellite polymorphisms. Genomics 12:607–609
Willis MB (1989) Genetics of the dog. Witherby Ltd, London
Winterø AK, Fredholm M, Thomsen PD (1992) Variable (dG-dT)n.(dC-dA)n sequences in the porcine genome. Genomics 12:281–288
Zischler H, Hinkkanen A, Studer R (1991) Oligonucleotide finger printing with (CAC)5: nonradioactive in-gel hybridization and isolation of individual hypervariable loci. Electrophoresis 12:141–146
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by C. Smith
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rothuizen, J., Wolfswinkel, J., Lenstra, J.A. et al. The incidence of mini- and micro-satellite repetitive DNA in the canine genome. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 89, 403–406 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225373
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225373