Abstract
Immature embryos of Triticum aestivum (ten cultivars and lines), T. durum, T. dicoccum and T. monococcum were cultured in vitro on MS medium supplemented with 1 or 2 mg/l of 2,4-D and 20 or 30 g/l of sucrose for 3 days and processed to score sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) per chromosome. Media components affect DNA replication from the start of the culture. The SCE frequencies were dependent on the genotype and were not correlated with the degree of ploidy. They increased after doubling of the concentration of 2,4-D and/or sucrose, except in one cultivar of T. aestivum. The mean numbers were lower than observed in root meristems of T. aestivum (two cultivars) and T. dicoccum. Immature embryos of regenerants of T. aestivum (one cultivar) and T. durum demonstrated variable SCE frequencies, which may have been caused by mutations in the parental cell cultures. In the T. aestivum embryos the lowest frequencies were found in regenerants obtained from explants with the highest frequencies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahloowalia BS (1982) Plant regeneration from callus culture in wheat. Crop Sci 22:405–410
Bayliss MW (1980) Chromosomal variation in plant tissues in culture. In Rev Cytol Suppl 11A:113–144
Bennett MD, Smith JB (1976) Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 274:227–274
Bennici A, Caffaro L, Dameri RM, Gastaldo P, Profumo P (1988) Callus formation and plantlet regeneration from immature Triticum durum Desf. embryos. Euphytica 39:255–263
Borrelli GM, Lupotto E, Locatelli F, Wittmer G (1991) Long-term optimized embryogenic cultures in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Plant Cell Rep 10:296–299
Chen THH, Lazar MD, Scoles GJ, Gusta LV, Kartha KK (1987) Somaclonal variation in a population of winter wheat. J Plant Physiol 130:27–36
Cionini PG, Bennici A, D'Amato F (1978) Nuclear cytology of callus induction and development in vitro. I. Callus from Vicia faba cotyledons. Protoplasma 96:101–112
D'Amato F (1985) Cytogenetics of plant cell and tissue cultures and their regenerates. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 3:73–112
Davies PA, Pallotta MA, Ryan SA, Scowcroft WR, Larkin PJ (1986) Somaclonal variation in wheat: genetic and cytogenetic characterisation of alcohol dehydrogenase-1 mutants. Theor Appl Genet 72:644–653
De Buyser J, Henry Y, Hartmann C, Rode A (1988) Variations in long-term wheat somatic tissue cultures: chromosome number, plant morphology and mitochondrial DNA. Can J Bot 66:1891–1895
Doležel J, Novák FJ (1986) Sister chromatid exchanges in garlic (Allium sativum L.) callus cells. Plant Cell Rep 5:280–283
Durante M, Geri C, Grisvard J, Guillé E, Parenti R, Buiatti M (1983) Variation in DNA complexity in Nicotiana glauca tissue cultures. I. Pith tissue dedifferentiation in vitro. Protoplasma 114:114–118
Friebe B (1978) Untersuchungen zum Schwesterchromatidenaustausch bei Secale cereale. Microscop Acta 81:159–165
Gill BS, Friebe B, Endo TR (1991) Standard karyotype and nomenclature system for description of chromosome bands and structural aberrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genome 34:830–839
He DG, Yang YM, Scott KJ (1992) Plant regeneration from protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Hartog). Plant Cell Rep 11:16–19
Karp A (1991) On the current understanding of somaclonal variation. Oxford Surveys Plant Mol Cell Biol 7:1–58
Karp A, Maddock SE (1984) Chromosome variation in wheat plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos. Theor Appl Genet 67:249–255
Kato H (1977) Spontaneous and induced sister chromatid exchanges as revealed by the BUdR-labeling method. Int Rev Cytol 49:55–97
Kihlman BA, Andersson HC (1984) Root tips of Vicia faba for the study of the induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges. In: Kilbey BJ, Legator M, Nichols W, Ramel C (eds) Handbook of mutagenicity test procedures. Elsevier Science Publ BV, Amsterdam New York Oxford, pp 531–554
Latt SA (1981) Sister chromatid exchange formation. Annu Rev Genet 15:11–55
Lee M, Phillips RL (1988) The chromosomal basis of somaclonal variation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 39:413–437
Libbenga KR, Torrey JG (1973) Hormone-induced endoreduplication prior to mitosis in cultured pea root cortex cells. Am J Bot 60:293–299
Maddock SE, Lancaster VA, Risiott R, Franklin J (1983) Plant regeneration from cultured immature embryos and inflorescences of 25 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Exp Bot 34:915–926
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco culture. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Murata M (1989) Effects of auxin and cytokinin on induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 78:521–524
Ozias-Akins P, Vasil IK (1982) Plant regneration from cultured immature embryos and inflorescences of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat): evidence for somatic embryogenesis. Protoplasma 110:95–105
Pijnacker LP, Ferwerda MA (1990) Effect of sucrose on polyploidization in early callus cultures of Solanum tuberosum. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 21:153–157
Pijnacker LP, Walch K, Ferwerda MA (1986) Behaviour of chromosomes in potato leaf tissue cultured in vitro as studied by BrdC-Giemsa labelling. Theor Appl Genet 72:833–839
Qureshi JA, Hucl P, Kartha KK (1992) Is somaclonal variation a reliable tool for spring wheat improvement? Euphytica 60:221–228
Rees H, Walters MR (1965) Nuclear DNA and the evolution of wheat. Heredity 20:73–82
Shimada T, Sasakuma T, Tsunewaki K (1969) In-vitro culture of wheat tissues. I. Callus formation, organ redifferentiation and single cell culture. Can J Genet Cytol 11:294–304
Winfield M, Davey MR, Karp A (1993) A comparison of chromosome instability in cell suspensions of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. Heredity 70:187–194
Wolff S (1977) Sister chromatid exchange. Annu Rev Genet 11:183–201
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by F. Salamini
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pijnacker, L.P., Ferwerda, M.A. Sister chromatid exchanges in cultured immature embryos of wheat species and regenerants. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 89, 287–292 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225156
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225156