Abstract
Deficiency of the wheat waxy (Wx) proteins (Wx-A1, Wx-B1 and Wx-D1) was studied in 1,960 cultivars derived from several countries. Gel electrophoretic analyses revealed that the null allele for the Wx-A1 protein occurred frequently in Korean, Japanese and Turkish wheats but was relatively rare in cultivars from other countries and regions. About 48% of the wheats deficient for the Wx-B1 protein were from Australia and India. One Chinese cultivar lacked the WxD1 protein. While 9 Japanese cultivars were deficient in both the Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 proteins, no cultivars lacked both the Wx-A1 and Wx-D1 proteins, both the Wx-B1 and Wx-D1 proteins or all three Wx proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed polymorphisms of the three Wx proteins that varied according to isoelectric points or molecular weight. The Wx-A1 gene coding the Wx-A1 protein and the Wx-B1 gene coding the Wx-B1 protein were localized in the distal regions of chromosome arms 7AS and 4AL, respectively, by deletion mapping using the deletion lines developed in the common wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chao S, Sharp PJ, Worland AJ, Warham EJ, Koebner RMD, Gale MD (1989) RFLP-based genetic maps of wheat homoeologous group 7 chromosomes. Theor Appl Genet 78:495–504
Echt CS, Schwartz D (1981) Evidence for the inclusion of controlling elements within the structural gene at the waxy locus in maize. Genetics 99:275–284
Endo TR, Gill BS (1993) Production of deletion stocks in common wheat. In: Proc 8th Int Wheat Genet Symp, Beijing (in press)
Fujita N, Uematsu M, Taira T (1991) Relationship between SDS PAGE pattern of Wx protein and various genomes in Triticum, Secale and tetraploid Triticale (in Japanese). Jpn J Breed 41 [Suppl 2]:70–71
Gill BS, Friebe B, Endo TR (1991) Standard karyotype and nomenclature system for description of chromosome bands and structural aberrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genome 34:830–839
Hirano HY, Sano Y (1991) Molecular characterization of the waxy locus in rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Cell Physiol 32:989–997
Imam SH (1989) A tightly bound Mr 55000 polypeptide in cornstarch associated with the amylose portion of the granule. J Cereal Sci 9:231–236
Kuroda A, Oda S, Miyagawa S, Seko H (1989) A method of measuring amylose content and its variation in Japanese wheat cultivars and Kanto breeding lines (in Japanese). Jpn J Breed 39 [Suppl 2]:142–143
Nakamura H, Yamada T, Hirano H (1990) Geographical variation of glutenin subunit compositions of seed storage proteins in wheat cultivars (in Japanese). Jpn J Breed 40 [Suppl2]:220–221
Nakamura T, Yamamori M, Hidaka S, Hoshino T (1992) Expression of HMW Wx protein in Japanese common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Jpn J Breed 42:681–685
Nakamura T, Yamamori M, Hirano H, Hidaka S (1993a) Identification of three Wx proteins in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Biochem Genet 31:75–86
Nakamura T, Yamamori M, Hirano H, Hidaka S (1993b) Decrease of waxy (Wx) protein in two common wheat cultivars with low amylose content. Plant Breed 111:99–105
Nakamura T, Yamamori M, Hirano H, Hidaka S (1993c) Characterization of three waxy (Wx) proteins in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In: Proc 8th Int Wheat Genet Symp, Beijing (in press)
Oda M, Yasuda Y, Okazaki S, Yamauchi Y, Yokoyama Y (1980) A method of flour quality assessment for Japanese noodles. Cereal Chem 57:253–254
Sano Y (1984) Differential regulation of waxy gene expression in rice endosperm. Theor Appl Genet 68:467–473
Sano Y, Katsumata M, Amano E (1985) Correlations between the amounts of amylose and Wx protein in rice endosperm. SABRAO J 17:121–127
Schofield JD, Greenwell P (1987) Wheat starch granule proteins and their technological significance. In: Morton ID (ed) Cereals in a European context. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, pp 407–420
Shure M, Wessier S, Fedoroff N (1983) Molecular identification and isolation of the waxy locus in maize. Cell 35:225–233
Terachi T, Ogihara Y, Tsunewaki K (1988) The rbcLgenes in wheat and several Aegilops species with divergent chloroplast genomes. In: Miller TE, Koebner RMD (eds) Proc 7th Int Wheat Genet Symp. Bath Press, Bath, UK, pp 789–795
Tsai CY (1974) The function of the waxy locus in starch synthesis in maize endosperm. Biochem Genet 11:83–96
Yamamori M, Nakamura T, Kuroda A (1992) Variations in the content of starch-granule bound protein among several Japanese cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphytica 64:215–219
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by G. Wenzel
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yamamori, M., Nakamura, T., Endo, T.R. et al. Waxy protein deficiency and chromosomal location of coding genes in common wheat. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 89, 179–184 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225138
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225138