Abstract
A gene-dosage population was obtained by crossing two genotypes that were duplex for the GBSS allele. Nulliplex, simplex, duplex or triplex/quadruplex plants could be identified by monitoring the segregation of red and blue microspores after staining with iodine. GBSS activity was significantly different for all groups and showed an almost linear dosage effect for the wildtype GBSS gene. A dosage effect was found for amylose content that was not linear. The amylose content was similar for both the duplex and triplex/quadruplex group. Within the simplex group, differences in amylose content were found, which might be due to a different genetic background. There was no linear correlation between GBSS activity and amylose content. A certain level of GBSS activity led to a maximum amount of amylose, and further increase in GBSS activity did not result in a further increase in amylose content. The presence of one or more wildtype GBSS allele(s), and therefore the presence of amylose in the starch granules, had a great influence on the physico-chemical properties of the starch suspensions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boyer CD, Garwood DL, Shannon JC (1976) Interaction of the amylose-extender and waxy mutants of maize. Hered 67:209–214
Flipse E, Huisman JG, de Vries BJ, Bergervoet JEM, Jacobsen E, Visser RGF (1994) Expression of a wildtype GBSS gene introduced into an amylose-free potato mutant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the inheritance at the microsporic level. Theor Appl Genet 88:369–375
Gidley MJ (1989) Molecular mechanisms underlying amylose aggregation and gelation. Macromolecules 22:351–358
Hofvander P, Perssom PT, Tallberg PT, Wikström O (1992) Genetically engineered modification of potato from amylopectin-type starch. International Patent Application WO 92/11376
Hovenkamp-Hermélink JHM, Jacobsen E, Ponstein AS, Visser RGF, Vos-Scheperkeuter GH, Bijmolt EW, de Vries JN, Witholt B, Feenstra WJ (1987) Isolation of an amylose-free starch mutant of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Theor Appl Genet 75:217–221
Hovenkamp-Hermelink JHM, De Vries JN, Adamse P, Jacobsen E, Witholt B, Feenstra WJ (1988) Rapid estimation of the amylose/amylopectin ratio in small amounts of tuber and leaf tissue of the potato. Potato Res 31:241–246
Jacobsen E, Hovenkamp-Hermelink JHM, Krijgsheld HT, Nijdam H, Pijnacker LP, Witholt B, Feenstra WJ (1989) Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of an amylose-free starch mutant of the potato. Euphytica 44:43–48
Jane J, Xu A, Radosavljevic M, Seib PA (1992) Location of amylose in normal starch granules. I. Susceptibility of amylose and amylopectin to cross-linking reagents. Cereal Chem 69:405–409
Keetels CJAM (1995) Retrogradation of concentrated starch systems; mechanism and consequences for product properties. PhD thesis, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Keetels CJAM, van Vliet T (1994) Gelation and retrogradation of concentrated starch gels. In: Phillips GO, Williams PA, Wedlock DJ (eds) Gums and stabilisers for the food industry, vol 7. IRL Press, Oxford, pp 271–280
Kuipers GJ, Vreem JTM, Meyer H, Jacobsen E, Feenstra WJ, Visser RGF (1991) Field evaluation of antisense RNA-mediated inhibition of GBSS gene expression in potato. Euphytica 59:83–91
Kuipers GJ, Jacobsen E, Visser RGF (1994) Formation and deposition of amylose in the potato tuber starch granule are affected by the reduction of granule-bound starch synthase gene expression. Plant Cell 6:43–52
Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriopaghe T4. Nature 227:680–685
Leij van der FR, Visser RGF, Ponstein AS, Jacobsen E, Feenstra WJ (1991) Sequence of the structural gene for granule-bound starch synthase of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and evidence for a single point deletion in the amf allele. Mol Gen Genet 228:240–248
Miles MJ, Morris VJ, Ring SG (1985) Gelation of amylose. Carbohydr Res 135:257–269
Okuno K (1978) Gene dosage effect of waxy alleles on amylose content in endosperm starch of rice. Jpn J Genet 53:219–222
Oostergetel GT, van Bruggen EFJ (1989) On the origin of low angle spacing in starch. Starch 9:331–335
Rhode W, Backer D, Kull B, Salamini F (1988) Structural and functional analysis of two waxy gene promoters in potato. J Genet Breed 44:311–315
Sano Y (1984) Differential regulation of waxy gene expression in rice endosperm. Theor Appl Genet 68:467–473
Shannon JC, Garwood DL (1984) Genetics and physiology of starch development. In: Whistler RL, BeMiller JN, Paschall EF (eds) Starch: chemistry and technology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 25–86
Tsai CY (1974) The function of the waxy locus in starch synthesis in maize endosperm. Biochem Genet 11:83–96
Vos-Scheperkeuter GH, Boer de W, Visser RGF, Feenstra WJ, Witholt B (1986) Identification of granule-bound starch synthase in potato tubers. Plant Physiol 82:411–416
Zobel HF (1984) Gelatinization of starch and mechanical properties of starch pastes. In: Whistler RL, BeMiller JN, Paschall EF (eds) Starch: chemistry and technology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 285–309
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by M. Koorneef
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Flipse, E., Keetels, C.J.A.M., Jacobsen, E. et al. The dosage effect of the wildtype GBSS allele is linear for GBSS activity but not for amylose content: absence of amylose has a distinct influence on the physico-chemical properties of starch. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 92, 121–127 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00222961
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00222961