Summary
Many related species and strains of common wheat were compared by matching differences among their mitochondrial genomes with their “parent” nuclear genomes. We examined three species of Aegilops, section Sitopsis (Ae. bicornis, Ae. sharonensis, and Ae. speltoides), emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, and T. durum), common wheat (T. spelta, T. aestivum, and T. compaction), and timopheevi wheat (T. araraticum, T. timopheevi, and T. zhukovskyi). A single source of the cytoplasm was used in all the species, except Ae. speltoides (two sources), T. araraticum (two), and T. aestivum (three). Following restriction endonuclease analyses, the mitochondrial genomes were found to comprise seven types, and a dendrogram showing their genetic relatedness was constructed, based upon the percentage of common restriction fragments. MtDNAs from T. dicoccum, T. durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum yielded identical restriction fragment patterns; these differed from T. dicoccoides and T. spelta mtDNAs in only 2.3% of their fragments. The fragment patterns of T. timopheevi and T. zhukovskyi were identical, and these differed from T. araraticum mtDNA by only one fragment. In both the emmer-dinkel and timopheevi groups, mitochondrial genome differentiation is evident, suggesting a diphyletic origin of each group. MtDNAs from four accessions of the Sitopsis species of Aegilops differ greatly from one another, but those of Ae. bicornis, Ae. sharonensis, and Ae. searsii, belonging to the same subsection Emarginata, are relatively similar. MtDNAs of timopheevi species are identical, or nearly so, to those of Ae. speltoides accession (09), suggesting that the latter was the cytoplasm donor to the former, polyploid group. The origin of this polyploid group seems to be rather recent in that the diploid and polyploid species possess nearly identical mitochondrial genomes. We cannot determine, with precision, the cytoplasm donor to the emmer-dinkel group. However, our results do suggest that mitochondrial DNAs show larger evolutionary divergence than do the ctDNAs from these same strains.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bonen L, Gray MW (1980) Organization and expression of the mitochondrial genome of plants. I. The genes for wheat mitochondrial ribosomal and transfer RNA: evidence for an unusual arrangement. Nucleic Acids Res 8:319–335
Borck KS, Walbot V (1982) Comparison of the restriction endonuclease digestion patterns of mitochondrial DNA from normal and male-sterile cytoplasms of Zea mays L. Genetics 102:109–128
Breiman A (1987) Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the genera of Triticum and Aegilops revealed by Southern blot hybridization. Theor Appl Genet 73:563–570
Brown WM (1983) Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. In: Nei M, Koehn K (eds) Evolution of genes and protein. Sinauer, Sunderland, USA, pp 62–88
Chetrit P, Mathieu C, Muller JP, Vedel F (1984) Physical and gene mapping of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) mitochondrial DNA. Curr Genet 8:413–421
Engels WR (1981) Estimating genetic divergence and genetic variability with restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:6329–6333
Holwerda BC, Jana S, Crosby WL (1986) Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA variation in Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum spontaneum. Genetics 114:1271–1291
Kihara H (1924) Cytologische und genetische Studien bei wichtigen Getreidearten mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das Verhalten der Chromosomen und die Sterilität in den Bastarden. Mem Coll Sci Kyoto Imp Univ Ser B 1:1–200
Kihara H (1944) Discovery of the DD-analyzer in wheat (preliminary report). Agric Hortic Tokyo 19:889–890
Kimber G, Athwal RS (1972) A reassessment of the course of evolution of wheat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:912–915
Lilienfeld FA (1951) H Kihara: Genome-analysis in Triticum and Aegilops. X. Concluding review. Cytologia 16:101–121
Lonsdale DM, Hodge TP, Fauron CMR (1984) The physical map and organization of the mitochondrial genome from the fertile cytoplasm of maize. Nucleic Acids Res 12:9249–9261
McFadden ES, Sears ER (1946) The origin of Triticum spelta and its free-threshing hexaploid relatives. J Hered 37:81–89, 107–116
Nei M, Li W (1979) Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:5269–5273
Ogihara Y, Tsunewaki K (1983) The diversity of chloroplast DNA among Triticum and Aegilops species. In: Proc 6th Int Wheat Genet Symp, Kyoto, pp 407–413
Ogihara Y, Tsunewaki K (1988) Diversity and evolution of chloroplast DNA in Triticum and Aegilops as revealed by restriction fragment analysis. Theor Appl Genet 76:321–332
Palmer JD (1987) Chloroplast DNA evolution and biosystematic uses of chloroplast DNA variation. Am Nat 130:S6-S29
Palmer JD (1988) Intraspecific variation and multicircularity in Brassica mitochondrial DNAs. Genetics 118:341–351
Palmer JD, Herbon L (1986) Tricircular mitochondrial genomes of Brassica and Raphanus: reversal of repeat configurations by inversion. Nucleic Acids Res 14:9755–9764
Palmer JD, Shields CR (1984) Tripartite structure of the Brassica campestris mitochondrial genome. Nature 307:437–440
Pring DR, Lonsdale DM, Gracen VE, Smith AG (1987) Mitochondrial DNA duplication/deletion events and polymorphism of the C group of male-sterile maize cytoplasms. Theor Appl Genet 73:646–653
Quetier F, Lejeune B, Delorme S, Falconet D, Jubier MF (1985) Molecular form and function of the wheat mitochondrial genome. In: Vloten-Doting L van, Groot G, Hall TC (eds) Molecular form and function of the plant genome. Plenum Press, New York, pp 413–420
Sederoff RR, Levings CS III, Timothy DH, Hu WWL (1981) Evolution of DNA sequence organization in mitochondrial genomes of Zea. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:5953–5957
Siregar UJ, Ishii T, Tsunewaki K (1988) Aegilops searsii is a possible cytoplasm donor to Ae. kotschyi and Ae. variabilis. In: Proc 7th Int Wheat Genet Symp, Cambridge, pp 1945–1951
Stern DB, Palmer JD (1986) Tripartite mitochondrial genome of spinach: physical structure, mitochondrial gene mapping, and locations of transposed chloroplast DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 14:5651–5666
Terachi T, Tsunewaki K (1986) The molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of Triticum and Aegilops. 5. Mitochondrial genome diversity among Aegilops species having identical chloroplast genomes. Theor Appl Genet 73:175–181
Terachi T, Kataoka J, Tsunewaki K (1985) Intraspecific variation of organellar DNAs in Aegilops squanosa. Jpn J Breed (Suppl 2) 35:194–195
Tsunewaki K (1968) Origin and phylogenetic differentiation of common wheat revealed by comparative gene analysis. In: Proc 3rd Int Wheat Genet Symp, Canberra, pp 71–85
Tsunewaki K (ed) (1980) Genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops. Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Tokyo, pp 290
Tsunewaki K (1989) Plasmon diversity in Triticum and Aegilops and its implication in wheat evolution. Genome 31:143–154
Tsunewaki K, Ogihara Y (1983) The molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of Triticum and Aegilops. II. On the origin of polyploid wheat cytoplasms as suggested by chloroplast DNA restriction fragment patterns. Genetics 104:155–171
Tsunewaki K, Tsujimoto H (1983) Genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops. In: Proc 6th Int Wheat Genet Symp, Kyoto, pp 1139–1144
Vedel F, Quetier F, Dosba F, Doussinault G (1978) Study of wheat phylogeny by EcoRI analysis of chloroplastic and mitochondrial DNAs. Plant Sci Lett 13:97–102
Vedel F, Quetier F, Cauderon Y, Dosba F, Doussinault G (1981) Studies on maternal inheritance in polyploid wheats with cytoplasmic DNAs as genetic markers. Theor Appl Genet 59:239–245
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by G. Wenzel
Contribution no. 507 from the Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Terachi, T., Ogihara, Y. & Tsunewaki, K. The molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of Triticum and Aegilops . Theoret. Appl. Genetics 80, 366–373 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210074
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210074