Skip to main content
Log in

Presentation of the rifle project risk factors and life expectancy

  • Epidemiological Projects: News
  • Published:
European Journal of Epidemiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Plans are presented for conducting an epidemiological observational project which will pool the data from nine Italian field studies covering over 70,000 men and women aged 20 to 69 years, belonging to 52 population samples distributed in 13 different regions of the country.

The main objective is to produce multivariate models for the prediction of all-cause mortality, life expectancy and selected causes of death as a function of some baseline characteristics.

The entry examinations of the population samples were performed between 1978 and 1987 with the measurements of risk factors and other personal characteristics mainly related to cardiovascular diseases and other chronic conditions. They include a large number of anthropometric, social, biochemical, biophysical, clinical, nutritional and behavioural measurements, although only a limited subset of them is common to all the studies.

The collection of data on life status, mortality and causes of death has already been completed for 45 out of the 52 samples, although for lengths of follow-up varying from 4 to 12 years.

The systematic analysis of this data bank will be started in 1993.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. ARIL Investigators (1989): The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives - Am. J. Epidemiol. 129: 687–702.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bergmeyer H.U. and Horder M. (1980): Measurements of catalytic concentration of enzymes. IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase - J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 180: 521–534.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Breslow L. (1985): Risk factor update project. Final Report. US-DHHS-CDC Center for Health Promotion and Education - Atlanta, GA.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Breslow L. (1987): Setting objectives for public health- Am. Rev. Publ. Hlth. 8: 289–307.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Buongiorno A.M., Macchia T., MorisiG. and ZuccaA. (1982): HDL colesterolo: confronto tra methodi e prospettive di impiego nella prevenzione dell'arterioselerosi - G. Ital. Chim. Clin. 7: 127–138.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Butts W.C., Kuehneman M. and Widdowson G.M. (1974): Automated method for determining thiocyanate to distinguish smokers from non-smokers -Clin. Chem. 20: 1344–1348.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Capocaccia R., Farchi G., Mariotti S., Verdecchia A., Angeli A., Morganti P. and Panichelli Fucci M.L. (1986): La mortalità in Italia nell'anno 1981 — Roma, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rapporti ISTISAN 86/42.

  8. Cox D.R. (1972): Regression models and life tables -J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B43: 187–220.

    Google Scholar 

  9. CNR (1977): Metodi di laboratorio per to studio dei fattori di rischio dell'arterioselerosi. Progetto Finalizzato di Medicina Preventiva, Sottoprogetto Arteriosclerosi — Roma, Collana di Medicina Preventiva, Fasc. 1, CNR pp. 1–95.

  10. Dawber T.R. (1980): The Framingham Study. The epidemiology of atherosclerotic disease - Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University press pp. 1–257.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Descovich G.C., on behalf of the Brisighella Study Group (1990): The Brisighella Heart Study: an interim report - Eur. Heart J. 11 (Suppl. H): 32–37.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Dyer A.R. (1986): A method for combining results from several prospective epidemiologic studies - Stat. Med. 5: 303–317.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Epstein F.H. and HollandW.W. (1983): Prevention of chronic diseases in the community. One disease versus multiple-disease strategies - Int. J. Epidemiol. 12: 135–137.

    Google Scholar 

  14. ERICA Research Group (1991): Prediction of coronary heart disease in Europe. The 2nd report of the WHO-ERICA Project - Eur. Heart J. 12: 291–297.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Farchi G., MenottiA. and ContiS. (1987): Coronary risk and survival probability from coronary and other causes of death - Am. J. Epidemiol. 126: 400–408.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fossati P., PrencipeL. and BertiG. (1980): Use of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulphonic acid/4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine - Clin. Chem. 26: 227–231.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Giampaoli S., Urbinati G.C., Menotti A., Ricci G., Pasquali M. and the Research Group of the DISCO Project (1991): Short term changes in cardiovascular risk factors in the DISCO intervention project - Eur. J. Epidemiol. 7: 372–379.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gruppo di Ricerca del Progetto Romano di Prevenzione della Cardiopatia Coronarica (1982): Il Progetto Romano di Prevenzione della Cardiopatia Coronarica: risultati finali - G. Ital. Cardiol. 12: 541–554.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group (1988): Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion- Br. Med. J. 297: 319–328.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jaffe rate colorimetry method for measurements of creatinine in plasma and urine (1982): Astra Creatinine Chemistry Module Operating and Service Instructions — X015-555592A. pp. 1-1-10-s. Brea CA. Beckman Instruments Inc.

  21. Kannel W.B., Neaton J.D., Wentworth D., Thomas H.E., Stamler J., Hulley S.B., Kjelsberg M.O. for the MRFIT Research Group (1986): Overall and coronary heart disease mortality rates in relation to major risk factors in 325348 men screened for the MRFIT - Am. Heart J. 112: 825–836.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Keys A., Aravanis C., Blackburn H., Van Buchem F.S.P., Buzina R., Djordievic B.S., Fidanza F., Karvonen M.J., Menotti A., Puddu V. and Taylor H.L. (1972): Probability of middle-aged men developing coronary heart disease in five years - Circulation 45: 815–828.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Keys A., Aravanis C., Blackburn H., Buzina R., Diordievic B.S., Dontas A.S., Fidanza F., Karvonen MJ., Kimura N., Menotti A., Mohacek L, Nedelikovic S., Puddu V., Punsar S., Taylor H.L., Van Buchem F.S.P. (1980): Seven Countries. Multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease -Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass and London, England pp. 1–381.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Keys A., Menotti A., Aravanis C., Blackburn H., Djordjevic B.S., Buzina R., Dontas A., Fidanza F., Karvonen M.J., Kimura N., Mohacek I., Nedelkovic S., Puddu V., Punsar S., Taylor H.L., Conti S., Kromhout D. and Toshima H. (1984): The Seven Countries Study: 2289 deaths in 15 years - Prev. Med. 13: 141–154.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Laurenzi M., Cirillo M., Angeletti M., Buongiorno A., Morisi G., Panarelli W, Panfili M., Stamler J., Terradura O., Trevisan M., Stamler R., on behalf of the Gubbio population Study Research Group (1991): Gubbio population study: baseline findings - Nutrit. Metab. Cardiov. Dis. 1: S1-S18.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Marcovina S. (1984): La determinazione delle apolipoproteine Al e B: significato diagnostico e metodi immunochimici - Ric. Clin. Lab. 14: 75–94.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Martin M.J., Hulley S.B., Browner W.S., Kuller L.H. and Wentworth D. (1986): Serum cholesterol, blood pressure and mortality: implications from a cohort of 361662 men - Lancet 2: 933–936.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Menotti A., Conti S., Giampaoli S., Mariotti S. and Signoretti P. (1980): Coronary risk factors predicting coronary and other causes of death in fifteen years -Acta Cardiol. 35: 107–120.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Menotti A., Conti S., Dima F., Giampaoli S., Giuli B., Rumi A., Seccareccia F. and Signoretti P. (1983): Prediction of all causes of death as a function of some factors commonly measured in cardiovascular population surveys - Prev. Med. 12: 318–325.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Menotti A., Mariotti S., Seccareccia F., Torsello S. and Dima F. (1987): Determinants of all causes of death in Italian middle-aged men followed-up for 25 years - J. Epidem. Comm. Health 41: 243–250.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Menotti A., Mariotti S., Seccareccia F. and Giampaoli S. (1988): The 25 year estimated probability of death from some specific causes as a function of twelve risk factors in middle-aged men - Eur. J. Epidem. 4: 60–67.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Menotti A. and Seccareccia F. (1988): Cardiovascular risk factors predicting all causes of death in an occupational population sample - Int. J. Epidemiol. 17: 773–778.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Menotti A., Giampaoli S., Verdecchia A., Cesana G.C., Feruglio G.A., Righetti G., Ferrario M. and Vannuzzo D. (1989): Il progetto MONICA (Monitoraggio Malattie Cardiovascolari). Protocollo e manuale delle aree italiane. Rapporti ISTISAN 89/12. ISSN-03911675 -Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma pp. 1–110.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Menotti A., Keys A., Aravanis C., Blackburn H., Dontas A., Fidanza F., Karvonen M.J., Kromhout D., Nedelikovic S., Nissinen A., Pekkanen J., Seccareccia F. and Toshima H. (1989): Seven Countries Study. First 20-year mortality data in 12 cohorts of six countries -Ann. Med. 21: 175–179.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Menotti A., Keys A., Kromhout D., Aravanis C., Nissinen A., Blackburn H., Fidanza F., Giampaoli S., Karvonen MJ, Pekkanen J., Punsar S. and Seccareccia F. (1991): All causes mortality and its determinants in middle-aged men in Finland, the Netherlands and Italy in a 25-year follow-up - J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health 45: 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Menotti A., Spagnolo A., Scanga M. and Dima F. (1992): Multivariate prediction of coronary deaths in a 10 years follow-up of an Italian occupational male cohort - Acta Cardiol. 47: 311–320.

    Google Scholar 

  37. MICOL Group (1991): Prevalence of gall-bladder disease in 18 Italian population samples. First results from the MICOL Study. In: Recent Advances in the Epidemiology and Prevention of Gall-bladder Disease. L. Capocaccia, G. Ricci, F. Angelico, M. Angelico, A.F. Attili, L. Lalloni (eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers - Lancaster, UK pp. 37–44.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Morisi G., Farina P. and Macchia T. (1979): Valutazione obiettiva dell'assunzione di fumo tramite la determinazione del tiocianato sierico -Ann. Ist. Sup. Sanità 15: 263–272.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Morisi G., Macchia T., Angelico F., Pacioni F. and Zucca A. (1979): Determinazione automatica di trigliceridi, colesterolo, glucosio, acido urico: prospettive d'impiego in screening di medicina preventiva - Ann. Ist. Sup. Sanità 15: 239–262.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Morisi G., BuongiornoA.M., CapocacciaR., MancinelliR., MenottiA. and Gruppo MICOL (1990): Risultati di un controllo di qualità per la determinazione di alcuni parametri biochimici in uno studio multicentrico sull'epidemiologia della colelitiasi - Giorn. It. Chim. Clin. 15: 275–288.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Muntoni S., Pintus F., Mascia P., Pintus P., Cabiddu G.F., Tronci P., Ganga E., Contini P.P., Congiu P., Trudu A., Sanna A., Baule G.M., Onorato D., Mereu P., Loddo G.M., Conti S., Seccareccia F. and Menotti A. (1991): Mean levels and distribution of some risk factors for atherosclerosis in Sardinia: the ATS-Sardegna survey - Eur. J. Epidem. 7: 39–47.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Muntoni S., (1992): The ATS-Sardegna campaign for cardiovascular disease prevention and health promotion - Eur. J. Epidemiol. 8: 108–111.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Oxygen rate method for measurement of glucose in plasma (1981): ASTRA glucose chemistry module. Operating and Service instructions X-015-555591A; pl-1-10-5 - Brea. Ca. Beckman Instruments Inc.

  44. Pocok S.J., Cook D.G. and Berensford S.A.A. (1981): Regression of area mortality rates on explanatory variables: what weighting is appropriate? - Appl. Statistics 30: 286–295.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Pooling Project Research Group (1978): Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habits, relative body weight and ECG abnormalities to incidence of major coronary events: final report of the Pooling Project - J. Chron. Dis. 31: 201–271.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Prineas R.J. (1978): Blood pressure sounds: their measurement and meaning. A training manual. Minneapolis, MN: Gamma Medical Product Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Report on the Third Meeting of the ERICA Principal Investigators (1991): Heidelberg, 25–26 October 1990 -WHO-EURO, Copenhagen, ICP-NCD 022.

  48. Report of a WHO Meeting (1989): Assessment of the relationship between common risk factors and mortality. Heidelberg, 12–14 April 1989 - WHO-EURO, Copenhagen, EUR-ICP-HST112-3242R.

  49. Research Group ATS-RF2-OB42 of the Italian National Research Council (1987): Time trends of some cardiovascular risk factors in Italy. Results from the Nine Communities Study - Am. J. Epidem. 126: 95–103.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Research Group ATS-RF2 (1981): Distribution of some risk factors for atherosclerosis in nine Italian population samples - Am. J. Epidem. 113: 338–346.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Research Group for Atherosclerosis Risk Factors (ATSRF2) (1986): Three year intervention on risk factors for atherosclerosis in the Italian Nine Community Study - Clin. Ter. Cardiovasc. 3: 151–158.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Rome Group for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelitiasis (GREPCO) (1984): Prevalence of gallstone disease in an Italian adult female population - Am. J. Epidem. 119: 796–805.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Rose G. (1965): Standardization of observers in blood pressure measurements - Lancet 1: 673–674.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Rose G., BlackburnH. (1968): Cardiovascular survey methods - WHO, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Salonen J.T., Puska P. and Kottke T.E. (1981): Smoking, blood pressure and serum cholesterol as risk factors of acute myocardial infarction and death a mong men in Eastern Finland - Eur. Heart J. 2: 365–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Shurtleff D. (1974): Some characteristics related to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and death: Framingham Study, 18 year follow-up. In: The Framingham Study. An epidemiological investigation of cardiovascular disease. Kannel W.B., Gordon T. (eds.) Section 30, DHEW, Publ. N.I.H. 74, Bethesda Md.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Smith G.D., Shipley M.J., Marmot G. and Rose G. (1992): Plasma cholesterol concentration and mortality. The Whitehall study - JAMA 267: 70–76.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Spagnolo A., Torsello S., Morisi G., Petrozzi E., Antonini R., Ricci G., Urbinati G.C. and Menotti A. (1988): Serum thiocyanate levels as an objective measure of smoking habits in epidemiological studies - Eur J. Epidemiol. 4: 206–211.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Stamler J., Wentworth D., Neaton J.D.for theMRFIT Research Group (1986): Is the relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous or graded? Findings in 356222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) - JAMA 256: 2823–2828.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Trevisan M., Krogh V., Freudenheim J., Blake A., Muti P., Panico S., Farinaro E., Mancini M., Menotti A., Ricci G. and The Research Group ATS-RF2 of the Italian National Research Council (1990): Consumption of olive oil, butter and vegetable oils and coronary heart disease risk factors - JAMA 263: 688–692.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Trevisan M., Krogh V., Freudenhneim J., Blake A., Muti P., Panico S., Farinaro E, Mancini M., Menotti A., Ricci G. and the Research Group ATS-RF2 of the Italian National Research Council (1990): Diet and coronary heart disease risk factors in a population with varied intake - Prev. Med. 19: 231–241.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Trinder P. (1969): Determination of glucose in blood using glucoexidase with an alternative oxygen aceptor - Ann. Clin. Biochem. 6: 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Urbinati C.G., Menotti A., Giampaoli S. and Arca M. (1988): II Progetto Distretto Sezze Controllo Comunitario delle Malattie Cronico-degenerative (DISCO): dati relativi all'esame iniziale. Rapporti ISTISAN 88/6. ISNN-0391–1675 - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma pp. 1–186.

    Google Scholar 

  64. WHO (1987): The prevention of non-communicable disease. Experience and prospects - WHO-EURO, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  65. WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators (1988): The World Health Organization Monica Project (Monitoring trend and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration - J. Clin. Epidemiol. 41: 105–114.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Consortia

Additional information

See end of the text for composition

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

The RIFLE Research Group. Presentation of the rifle project risk factors and life expectancy. Eur J Epidemiol 9, 459–476 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209523

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209523

Key words

Navigation