Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A lead isotope study of two sulphide deposits and adjacent igneous rocks in south-central Sweden

  • Published:
Mineralium Deposita Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two sulphide ore deposits, Svärdsjö and Åmmeberg, occurring in the Bergslagen ore district in south-central Sweden have been examined for their Pb isotope compositions. Analyses of the ore lead reveals a great isotopic homogeneity, with compositions that nearly coincide with results obtained from other deposits in the area. The Stacey and Kramers growth model for Pb in conformable ores yields model ages, however, that are 100–150 Ma too low in comparison with the accepted geological ages. Isotopic data from whole rocks and mineral separates indicate an open system behaviour with respect to U and Pb. On the basis of geological/geochemical evidence the sulphide ores in Bergslagen are considered to have formed by volcanic-exhalative processes. The ore lead is interpreted as a mixture of newly added mantle-material and a minor Archean component. It is likely that the main part of the ore lead was derived from volcanic source rocks, but most probably sediments, interbedded in the volcanic succession also played some role.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Åberg, G., Levi, B., Fredrikson, G.: Zircon ages of metavolcanic and synorogenic granitic rocks from the Svärdsjö and Yxsjöberg areas, south central Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens I Stockholm Förhandlingar 105:199–203 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Åberg, G., Charalampides, G.: New Pb isotope data from the Långban mineralization, south central Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 108:243–250 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Billström, K.: A model for the lead isotope evolution of Early Proterozoic Svecofennian sulphide ores in Sweden and Finland. Isotope Geology 79:307–316 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Billström, K.: A sulphur isotope investigation of the Svärdsjö sulphide ore deposit, south-central Sweden. Submitted to Geologische Rundschau (1990a)

  • Billström, K.: Isotopic composition and the source of sulphur in the Åmmeberg Zn-Pb ore deposit, south-central Sweden. Submitted to Geologische Rundschau (1990b)

  • Christiansson, K.: Chemical preparation of minerals and rocks for Rb-Sr and U-Pb dating. Geologiska Föreningens I Stockholm Förhandlingar 103, 520–521 (1981)

  • Frietsch, R.: A model for the formation of non-apatitic iron ores, manganese ores and sulphide ores of central Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 795, 1–43 (1982a)

  • Frietsch, R.: Alkalimetasomatism in the ore-bearing metavolcanics of central Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 791, 1–54 (1982b)

  • Gaal, G., Gorbatschev, R.: An outline of the Precambrian evolution of the Baltic shield. Precambrian Research 35:15–52 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Geijer, P.: On the association of magnesium and sulphide ores in metasomatic mineralization. Arkiv för mineralogi och petrologi 3:153–164 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldich, S.S., Muldrey, M.G.: Dilatancy model for discordant UP-b zircon ages. In Contributions to recent geochemistry and analytical chemistry (Vinogradov volume), Tugarinov, A.I., Ed., pp. 415–418. Moscow, Nauka Publishing office (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallberg, A.: Metal sources in the early Proterozoic Svecofennian terrain of central Sweden: Pb isotope evidence. Mineral. Deposita 24:250–257 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huhma, H.: Sm-Nd, U-Pb and Pb-Pb isotopic evidence for the origin of the early Proterozoic Svecokarelian crust in Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 337:1–48 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huhma, H.: Provenance of early Proterozoic and Archaean metasediments in Finland: a Sm-Nd isotopic study. Precambrian Research 35:127–144 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Henriques, Å.: Geology and ores of the Åmmeberg district (Zinkgruvan) Sweden. Arkiv för mineralogi och petrologi 4: 1–246 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, Å., Rickard, D.T.: Some new lead isotope determinations from the Proterozoic sulfide ores of central Sweden. Mineral. Deposita 20:1–7 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krogh, T.E.: A low-contamination method for hydrothermal decomposition of zircon and extraction of U and Pb for isotope age determinations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37:485–494 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerblad, B., Gorbatschev, R.: Hydrothermal alteration as a control of regional geochemistry and ore formation in the central Baltic shield. Geologische Rundschau 74:33–49 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Levi, B., Malmqvist, J., Eriksson, G.: Svärdsjö, a Falu-type ore and its history of alterations and metamorphisms. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 102:292–293 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundqvist, T.: The Precambrian of Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 768:1–87 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundqvist, T.: Early Svecofennian stratigraphy of southern and central Norrland, Sweden, and the possible existence of an Archaean basement west of the Svecokarelides. Precambrian Research 35:342–352 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundström, I.: Lateral variations in supracrustal geology within the Swedish part of the southern Svecokarelian volcanic belt. Precambrian Research 35:353–366 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Löfgren, C.: Do leptites represent Precambrian island arc rocks? Lithos 12:159–165 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson, N.H., Thorslund, P., Brotzen, F., Asklund, B., Kulling, O.: Beskrivning till karta över Sveriges berggrund (Swedish). Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Ba 16:1–290 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mekbib, G., Vivallo, W.: New ore-lead isotope data from the Garpenberg district, Berslagen. In: The Proterozoic crustal evolution of Bergslagen, south-central Sweden. Geological Society of Sweden, Spring and Annual Business Meeting, Uppsala (1989)

  • Oen, I.S., Helmes, H., Verschure, R.H., Wiklander, U.: Ore deposition in a Proterozoic incipient rift zone environment: a tentative model for the Filipstad-Grythyttan-Hjulsjö region, Bergslagen, Sweden. Geologische Rundschau 71:182–194 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Patchett, P.J., Todt, W., Gorbatschev, R.: Origin of continental crust of 1.9–1.7 Ga age. Nd isotopes in the Svecofennian orogenic terrains of Sweden. Precambrian Research 35:145–160 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickard, D.: Volcanogenic mineralization styles in the early Proterozoic of Fennoscandia. In: Proceedings of the Seventh Quadrennial IAGOD Symposium, 23–40, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (1988)

  • Rosholt, J.N., Zartman, R.E., N'komo, I.T.: Lead isotope systematics and uranium depletion in the Granite Mountains, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin 84:989–1002 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stacey, J.S., Kramers, J.D.: Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 26:207–221 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuckless, J.S., N'komo, I.T.: Uranium lead isotope systematics in uraniferous alkali-rich granites from the Granite Mountains, Wyoming: implications for uranium source rocks. Econ. Geol. 73:427–441 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaasjoki, M.: The lead isotopic composition of some Finnish galenas. Geological Society of Finland, Bulletin 316:1–20 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Welin, E.: The depositional evolution of the Svecofennian supracrustal sequence in Finland and Sweden. Precambrian Research 35:95–114 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, S., Aaro, S., Lagmanson, M.: Gravimetriundersökningar inom Bergslagentraversen (Swedish). Styrelsen för Teknisk Utveckling, report 75-5084, 17pp. (1977)

  • Vivallo, W.: Subseafloor hydrothermal alteration during the early Proterozoic at Garpenberg, central Sweden. Mineral. Deposita 20:33–42 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vivallo, W., Rickard, D.: Early Proterozic ensialic spreading-subsidence: evidence from the Garpenberg enclave, central Sweden. Precambrian Research 26:203–221 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zakrzewski, M.A.: Geochemical facies model of ore formation in the Grythyttan-Hällefors area, Bergslagen, central Sweden. Geologische Rundschau 71:195–205 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zartman, R.E., Doe, B.R.: Plumbotectonics — the model. Tectonophysics 75:135–162 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Laboratory for Isotope Geology, Box 50007, S-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden

    K. Billström

Authors
  1. K. Billström
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Billström, K. A lead isotope study of two sulphide deposits and adjacent igneous rocks in south-central Sweden. Mineral. Deposita 25, 152–159 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00208859

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00208859

Keywords

Search

Navigation