Abstract
In addition to the previously-reported gibberellins: GA1; GA8, GA20 and GA29 (García-Martínez et al., 1987, Planta 170, 130–137), GA3 and GA19 were identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in pods and ovules of 4-d-old pollinated pea (Pisum sativum cv. Alaska) ovaries. Pods contained additionally GA17, GA81 (2α-hydroxy GA20) and GA29-catabolite. The concentrations of GA1, GA3, GA8, GA19, GA20 and GA29 were higher in the ovules than in the pod, although, with the exception of GA3, the total content of these GAs in the pod exceeded that in the seeds. About 80% of the GA3 content of the ovary was present in the seeds. The concentrations of GA19 and GA20 in pollinated ovaries remained fairly constant for the first 12 ds after an thesis, after which they increased sharply. In contrast, GA1 and GA3 concentrations were maximal at 7 d and 4–6 d, respectively, after anthesis, at about the time of maximum pod growth rate, and declined thereafter. Emasculated ovaries at anthesis contained GA8, GA19 and GA20 at concentrations comparable with pollinated fruit, but they decreased rapidly. Gibberellins a1 and A3 were present in only trace amounts in emasculated ovaries at any stage. Parthenocarpic fruit, produced by decapitating plants immediately above an emasculated flower, or by treating such flowers with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or GA7, contained GA19 and GA20 at similar concentrations to seeded fruit, but very low amounts of GA1 and GA3 Thus, it appears that the presence of fertilised ovules is necessary for the synthesis of these last two GAs. Mature leaves and leaf diffusates contained GA1, GA8, GA19 and GA20 as determined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. This provides further evidence that vegetative tissues are a possible alternative source of GAs for fruit-set, particularly in decapitated plants.
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Abbreviations
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FW:
-
fresh weight
- GAn :
-
gibberellin An
- GC-MS:
-
combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- HPLC:
-
high-performance liquid chromatography
- KRI:
-
Kovats retention index
- m/z :
-
mass to charge ratio
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We thank Mr M.J. Lewis for qualitative GC-MS analyses and Ms M.V. Cuthbert (LARS), R. Martinez Pardo and T. Sabater (IATA) for technical assistance. We are also grateful to Professor B.O. Phinney, University of California, Los Angeles, for gifts of [17-13C]GA8 and -GA29 and to Mr Paul Gaskin, University of Bristol, for the mass spectrum of GA29-catabolite and for a sample of GA81 The work in Spain was supported by Dirección General de Investigación Cientifica y Técnica (grant PB87-0402 to J.L.G.-M.). We also acknowledge the British Council and Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia for travel grants through Accion Integrada Hispano-Britanica 56/142 (J.L.G.-M. and P.H.).
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García-Martinez, J.L., Santes, C., Croker, S.J. et al. Identification, quantitation and distribution of gibberellins in fruits of Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska during pod development. Planta 184, 53–60 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00208236
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00208236