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L'environnement hydrogéochimique du calcrete uranifère de yeelirrie (Australie Occidentale)

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Résumé

Les paramètres physico-chimiques (pH, Eh, T, conductivité, alcalinité) des eaux de 31 puits ont été mesurés dans le chenal du calcrete uranifère de Yeelirrie (46000 tonnes d'U3O8 estimées). Les concentrations en éléments majeurs (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, SO --4 , Cl-) et en certains éléments traces (Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, Ti, Cu, Si, Zn, Ba, Sr, F, V, U) ont été dosées dans les eaux de 19 puits. Les résultats du traitement par le programme Wateq, de la plupart de ces données, sont dans l'ensemble en accord avec la minéralogie du chenal. La plupart des éléments dissous et en particulier les éléments nécessaires à la formation du gîte, à l'exception du vanadium, se concentre par un processus rapide de maturation des eaux lié au climat aride. Parallèlement, le pH des eaux augmente et l'Eh diminue. Le V4+ est mis en solution à partir, vraisemblablement, de préconcentrations vanadifères proches du gîte par des eaux peu oxydantes. L'installation d'un front d'oxydo-réduction entre une nappe sursaturée en sels dissous, peu oxydante en amont d'une structure verrou et des eaux plus oxydantes arrivant dans un calcaire palustre primaire provoque l'oxydation du V4+ en V5+. La dolomitisation de ce calcaire amène la baisse de l'activité de l'ion CO --3 qui induit la décomplexation des ions uranyles carbonatés et ainsi l'apport de l'uranium 6+. La carnotite peut alors précipiter. Ainsi, le climat, l'hydrologie et la morphologie apparaissent-ils comme les contrôles des minéralisations de type Yeelirrie.

Abstract

The physico-chemical parameters (pH, Eh, T, conductivity, alkalinity) of thirty one water samples have been measured within the Yeelirrie uraniferous calcrete channel (46000 tons of estimated U3O8). The major element (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, SO --4 , Cl-) and some trace element (Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, Ti, Cu, Si, Zn, Ba, Sr, F, V, U) concentrations of nineteen water samples have been also measured. The results of the Wateq program traitment of most of this datas are in general in agreement with the channel mineralogy. Most dissolved elements, and in particular the necessary elements to the ore deposit formation, barring vanadium, are concentrated by a fast maturation waters process in relating to arid climate. In some time, the water pH increase and the Eh decrease. The V4+ is removed dating probable vanadiferous concentrations near the ore body by slightly oxydising waters. The installation of a redox front between a supersaturated ground water upstream a barrier structure and more oxidizing waters penetrating in a primary palustrine limestone provoke the V4+ to V5+ oxidation. The dolomitization of this limestone have for consequence the CO --3 ion activity decreasing who induce the decomplexation of uranyle carbonate ions and thus the U6+ supply. Then, the carnotite may precipitate. Thus, the climate, the hydrology and the morphology appear like the controls of Yeelirrie type ore deposit.

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Briot, P. L'environnement hydrogéochimique du calcrete uranifère de yeelirrie (Australie Occidentale). Mineral. Deposita 18, 191–206 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00206208

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