Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Formation and growth of the ectomycorrhiza of Cantharellus cibarius

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Mycorrhiza Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

New data on the physiology of Cantharellus cibarius mycorrhiza formation has resulted in a new aseptic routine method for in vitro formation. The advances are short formation time, healthy plants and reliable colonization. A high glucose demand and a good gas exchange with additional carbon dioxide are important factors in the mycorrhiza formation. Mycorrhiza was observed after 8 weeks, but strong colonization occurred after 10–12 weeks, when mycorrhiza was established to the depth of 5 cm. A C. cibarius strain connected to Picea abies in nature successfully colonized Pinus sylvestris in vitro, but not Betula pendula. Mycorrhizal plants have been successfully transferred to unsterile environments in greenhouses. The mycorrhizae continued to colonize new roots and the unsterile peat soil for 10 months. However, C. cibarius mycorrhiza is highly sensitive to flooding. With PCR and RFLP, fruit bodies, isolated mycelia and artificially formed mycorrhizae have been compared to prove that C. cibarius was used. Climatic changes did not induce primordia formation but factors behind fruit body formation are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agerer R (1985) Zur Ökologie der Mykorrhizapilze. Bibl Mycol 97:1–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Aschan-Åberg K (1958) The production of fruit bodies in Collybia velutipes. II. Further studies on the influence of different culture conditions. Physiol Plant 11:312–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevalier G, Frochot H (1981) Truffle production from artificially mycorrhizal plants: first results. In: Fortin JA (ed) Abstracts of the 5th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae, 16–21 August, Quebec, Canada, p 35

  • Danell E, Fries N (1990) Methods for isolation of Cantharellus species, and the synthesis of ectomycorrhizae with Picea abies. Mycotaxon 38:141–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Danell E, Alström S, Ternström A (1993) Pseudomonas fluorescens in association with fruit bodies of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius. Mycol Res 97:1148–1152

    Google Scholar 

  • Danielson R (1984) Ectomycorrhizal associations in jack pine stands in northeastern Alberta. Can J Bot 62:932–939

    Google Scholar 

  • Debaud JC, Gay G (1987) In vitro fruiting under controlled conditions of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum associated with Pinus pinaster. New Phytol 105:429–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Dighton J, Mason PA (1985) Mycorrhizal dynamics during forest tree development. In: Moore D, Casselton LA, Wood DA, Frankland JC (eds) Developmental biology of higher fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 117–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming LV (1984) Effects of soil trenching and coring on the formation of ectomycorrhizas on birch seedlings grown around mature trees. New Phytol 98:143–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortin JA, Piché Y, Lalonde M (1980) Technique for the observation of early morphological changes during ectomycorrhiza formation. Can J Bot 58:361–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Fries N (1979) Germination of spores of Cantharellus cibarius. Mycologia 71:216–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Fries N (1981) Recognition reactions between basidiospores and hyphae in Leccinum. Trans Br Mycol Soc 77:9–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Fries N (1987) The third benefactors lecture: ecological and evolutionary aspects of spore germination in the higher basidiomycetes. Trans Br Mycol Soc 88:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Froidevaux L (1975) Identification of some Douglas fir mycorrhizae. Eur J For Pathol 5:212–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbaye J, Duponnois R, Wahl JL (1990) The bacteria associated with Laccaria laccata ectomycorrhizas or sporocarps: effect on symbiosis establishment on Douglas fir. Symbiosis 9:267–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbaye J, Churin J-L, Duponnois R (1992) Effects of substrate sterilization, fungicide treatment, and mycorrhization helper bacteria on ectomycorrhizal fonnation of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) inoculated with Laccaria laccata in two peat bare-root nurseries. Biol Fertil Soils 13:55–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardes M, White TJ, Fortin JA, Bruns TD, Taylor JW (1991) Identification of indigenous and introduced symbiotic fungi in ectomycorrhizae by amplification of nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA. Can J Bot 69:180–190

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godbout C, Fortin A (1990) Cultural control of basidiome formation in Laccaria bicolor with container-grown white pine seedlings. Mycol Res 94:1051–1058

    Google Scholar 

  • Godbout C, Fortin A (1992) Effects of nitrogen fertilization and photoperiod on basidiome formation of Laccaria bicolor associated with container-grown jack pine seedlings. Can J Bot 70:181–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley JL, Smith SE (1983) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedger J (1986) Suillus luteus on the equator. Bull Br Mycol Soc 20:53–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Henrion B, Le Tacon F, Martin F (1992) Rapid identification of genetic variation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by amplification of ribosomal RNA genes. New Phytol 122:289–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Henrion B, Chevalier G, Martin F (1994) Typing truffle species by PCR amplification of the ribosomal DNA spacers. Mycol Res 98:37–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingestad T (1979) Mineral nutrient requirements of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings. Physiol Plant 45:373–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Itävaara M, Willberg H (1988) Establishment of a Cantharellus cibarius culture collection in Finland. Karstenia 28:34

    Google Scholar 

  • Jentschke G, Godbold DL, Hütterman A (1991) Culture of mycorrhizal tree seedlings under controlled conditions: effects of nitrogen and aluminium. Physiol Plant 81:408–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Kähr M, Arveby AS (1986) A method for establishing ectomycorrhiza on conifer seedlings in steady-state conditions of nutrition. Physiol Plant 67:333–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Kälin I, Ayer F (1983) Sporenabwurf und Fruchtkoerperentwick-lung des goldstieligen Pfifferlings (Cantharellus lutescens) im Zusammenhang mit Klimafaktoren. Mycol Helv 1:67–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Last FT, Fleming LV (1985) Factors affecting the occurrence of fruitbodies of fungi forming sheathing (ecto-) mycorrhizas with roots of trees. Proc Indian Acad Sci Plant Sci 94:111–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Last FT, Mason PA, Pelham J, Ingleby K (1984) Fruitbody production by sheathing mycorrhizal fungi: effects of “host” genotypes and propagating soils. For Ecol Manage 9:221–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson T (1992) Temporal and spatial variation of the soil atmosphere in forest soils of northern Sweden. PhD thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin DJ (1970) Environmental control of fruitbody development in Boletus rubinellus in axenic culture. Mycologia 62:307–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Melin E (1922) Untersuchungen über die Larix Mycorrhiza.I.Synthese der Mykorrhiza in Reinkulturen. Svensk Bot Tidskr 15:192–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Melin E (1925) Untersuchungen über die Bedeutung der Baummykorrhiza. Fischer, Jena

    Google Scholar 

  • Modess O (1941) Zur Kenntnis der Mykorrhizabildner von Kiefer und Fichte. Symb Bot Upsal 5:1–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Molina R, Palmer JG (1982) Isolation, maintenance, and pure culture manipulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi. In: Schenck NC (ed) Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, pp 115–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore L, Jansen A, Van Griensven L (1989) Pure culture synthesis of ectomycorrhizas with Cantharellus cibarius. Acta Bot Neerl 38:273–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Norvell L (1992) Studying the effects of harvesting on chanterelle productivity in Oregon's Mt. Hood National Forest. In: Gues N de (ed) Wild mushroom harvesting discussion session minutes, Victoria, March 3, 1992. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, pp9–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Nylund J-E, Wallander H (1989) Effects of ectomycorrhiza on host growth and carbon balance in a semi-hydroponic cultivation system. New Phytol 112:389–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Romell L-G (1938) A trenching experiment in spruce forest and its bearing on problems on mycotrophy. Svensk Bot Tidskr 32:89–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Schouten SP, Waandrager MH (1979) Problems in obtaining pure cultures of Cantharellus cibarius. Mushroom Sci 10:885–890

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenström E (1991) The effects of flooding on the formation of ectomycorrhizae in Pinus sylvestris seedlings. Plant Soil 131:247–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Straatsma G, Bruinsma J (1986) Carboxylated metabolic intermediates as nutritional factors in vegetative growth of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius Fr. J Plant Physiol 125:377–381

    Google Scholar 

  • Straatsma G, Van Griensven LJLD (1986) Growth requirements of mycelial cultures of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius. Trans Br Mycol Soc 87:135–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Straatsma G, Konings RNH, Van Griensven LJLD (1985) A strain collection of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius obtained by germination of spores and culture of fruit body tissue. Trans Br Mycol Soc 85:689–697

    Google Scholar 

  • Straatsma G, Van Griensven LJLD, Bruinsma J (1986) Root influence on in vitro growth of hyphae of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius replaced by carbon dioxide. Physiol Plant 67:521–528

    Google Scholar 

  • Trappe J (1962) Fungus associates of ectotrophic mycorrhizae. Bot Rev 28:538–606

    Google Scholar 

  • Unestam T (1991) Water repellency, mat formation, and leaf-stimulated growth of some ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza 1:13–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Unestam T, Stenström E (1989) A method for observing and manipulating roots and root associated fungi on plants growing in nonsterile substrates. Scand J For Res 4:51–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Wardlaw IF (1990) Transley review no.27. The control of carbon partitioning in plants. New Phytol 116:341–381

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Eric Danell

    Present address: Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 97331-7501, Corvallis, OR, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology Botany, University of Uppsala, Villav. 6, S-75236, Uppsala, Sweden

    Eric Danell

Authors
  1. Eric Danell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Danell, E. Formation and growth of the ectomycorrhiza of Cantharellus cibarius . Mycorrhiza 5, 89–97 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00202339

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00202339

Key words

Search

Navigation