Summary
The observation that mothers of cystic fibrosis patients come from sibships that are larger than those of the fathers is explained by a decrease in sex ratio with increasing size of parental sibships. This feature also provides the basis for a new theory for the dissemination of the major mutant allele, deduced to have arisen 2700–5000 years ago, in accordance with an overall heterozygote advantage of around 3%. In heterozygous women with heterozygous partners, sex-related selection probably occurs after fertilization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baxter AS, Goldhill J, Hardcastle J, Hardcastle PT, Taylor CJ (1988) Accounting for cystic fibrosis. Nature 335:211
Cavalli-Sforza LL, Bodmer WF (1971) The genetics of human populations. Freeman San Francisco
Danks DM, Allan J, Anderson CM (1965) A genetic study of fibrocystic disease of the pancreas. Ann Hum Genet 28:323–356
Edwards AWF (1962) Genetics and the human sex ratio. Adv Genet 11:239–272
Edwards AWF (1966) Sex ratio data analysed independently of family limitation. Ann Hum Genet 29:337–346
Edwards AWF (1970) The search for the genetic variability of the sex ratio. J Biosoc Sci [Suppl 2]:55–60
Edwards AWF, Fraccaro M (1958) The sex distribution in the offspring of 5,477 Swedish ministers of religion, 1585–1920. Hereditas 44:447–450
Farrall M, Scambler PJ (1989) Cystic fibrosis. Nature 338:24
Fisher RA (1935) The inheritance of fertility. Dr. Wagner-Manslau's tables. Ann Eugen 6:225–251
Fisher RA (1958) The genetical theory of natural selection. Dover, New York
Gedschold J, Szibar R, Kropf S, Berger M (1988) Different numbers of maternal and paternal siblings of cystic fibrosis patients. Hum Genet 80:399–400
Geissler A (1889) Beiträge zur Frage des Geschlechtsverhältnisses der Geborenen. Z Königl Sächsischen Stat Bur (Dresden) 35:1–24 (cited in Lawrence 1941)
Gloria-Bottini F, Antonelli M, Quattrucci S, Cardi E, Bottini E (1980) Is there a relationship between the sex of cystic fibrosis carriers and the sex ratio of their offspring? Hum Genet 54:79–82
Jorde LB (1989) Fertility and cystic fibrosis. Nature 340:352
Jorde LB, Lathrop GM (1988) A test of the heterozygote — advantage hypothesis in cystic fibrosis families. Am J Hum Genet 42:808–815
Kerem B-S, Rommens JM, Buchanan JA, Markiewicz D, Cox TK, Chakravarti A, Buchwald M, Tsui LC (1989) Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: genetic analysis. Science 245:1073–1080
Kitzis A, et al (1988) Unusual segregation of cystic fibrosis alleles. Nature 336:316
Knudson AG, Wayne L, Hallett WY (1967) On the selective advantage of cystic fibrosis heterozygotes. Hum Genet 19:388–392
Langford CM, Wilson C (1985) Is there a connection between a woman's fecundity and that of her mother? J Biosoc Sci 17:437–443
Lawrence PS (1941) The sex ratio, fertility and ancestral longevity. Q Rev Biol 16:35–79
Pearson KL (1896) Note on reproductive selection. Proc R Soc- 59:301–335
Pearson K, Lee A, Bramley-Moore L (1898) Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. VI. Genetic (reproductive) selection: inheritance of fertility in man and of fecundity in thoroughbred racehorses. Phil Trans R Soc Lond [A] 192:257–330
Preston SH (1976) Family sizes of children and family sizes of women. Demography 13:105–114
Pritchard DJ, Hickman GR, Nelson R (1983) Sex ratio and heterozygote advantage in cystic fibrosis families. Arch Dis Child 58:290–293
Rife DC, Snyder LH (1937) The distribution of sex ratios within families in an Ohio city. Studies in human inheritance XVI. Hum Biol 9:99–103
Romeo G, Devoto M, Galietta LJV (1989) Why is the cystic fibrosis gene so frequent? Hum Genet 84:1–5
Serre JL, Simon-Buoy B, Mornet E, Jaume-Roig B, Balassopolou A, Schwartz M, Taillandier A, Boué J, Boué A (1990) Studies of RFLP closely linked to the cystic fibrosis locus throughout Europe lead to new considerations in population genetics. Hum Genet 84:449–454
Teitelbaum MS (1970) Factors affecting the sex ratio in large populations. J Biosoc Sci [Suppl 2]:61–71
Teitelbaum MS (1972) Factors associated with sex ratio in human populations. In: Harrison GA, Boyce AJ (eds) The structure of human populations. Clarendon Press Oxford pp 90–109
Ten Kate LP (1977) A method for analysing fertility of heterozygotes for autosomal recessive disorders, with special reference to cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease and phenylketonuria. Ann Hum Genet 40:287–297
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pritchard, D.J. Cystic fibrosis allele frequency, sex ratio anomalies and fertility: a new theory for the dissemination of mutant alleles. Hum Genet 87, 671–676 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201723
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201723