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Extended bile duct resection — a new oncological approach to the treatment of central bile duct carcinomas?

Description of method and early results

Die erweiterte resektion des gallenganges — ein neues onkologisches konzept zur behandlung zentraler Gallengangskarzinome. Beschreibung der methode und frühergebnisse

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Abstract

Since the results of surgical resection and transplantation in the treatment of central bile duct carcinomas have been poor and neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy has shown promising results, a new attempt to achieve curative resection has been made to combine liver transplantation with the Kausch-Whipple operation. With this operation the complete biliary system can be resected without touching the region of the hepatoduodenal ligament. Our intention is to avoid tumor cell spread by this “no-touch technique.” Tumor cell spread is very likely to occur with the commonly used technique of close dissection near the centrally located carcinoma. In the seven patients operated on so far, we observed that the combination of total hepatectomy, partial duodenopancreatectomy and liver transplantation can be performed with fewer postoperative problems than “cluster transplantation” and probably has the same oncological benefit in terms of more radical resections at least for central biliary carcinomas. Theoretically, the radicalness of the resection should be greater than with liver transplantation or bile duct resection alone. Whether this concept helps to achieve better results in surgical treatment of early Klatskin tumors can only be evaluated after a longer follow-up. So far, six of seven patients have survived the operation without great problems and have been discharged from the hospital. The quality of life after this procedure seems to be better than with total pancreatic resection or even with replacement of the pancreas.

Zusammenfassung

Da die bisherigen Ergebnisse der chirurgischen Therapie von Gallengangskarzinomen ungünstig sind und weder Bestrahlung noch Chemotherapie ermutigende Ergebnisse zeigen, wurde in einem neuen Ansatz der Versuch unternommen, durch die Kombination von Lebertransplantation und Operation nach Kausch-Whipple eine kurative Resektion zu erreichen. Bei diesem Verfahren kann das gesamte Gallengangsystem ohne wesentliche Manipulation am Ligamentum hepatoduodenale reseziert werden. Es ist beabsichtigt, bei dieser “No-touch”-Technik intraoperative Tumorzellaussaat zu verhindern, welche bei der herkömmlichen Technik der Präparation an einem zentral gelegenen Gallengangskarzinom sehr leicht auftreten kann. An den bislang operierten 7 Patienten konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Kombination von Lebertransplantation mit partieller Duodenopankreatektomie weniger postoperative Probleme erzeugt als die sogenannte Clustertransplantation” und speziell für Gallengangskarzinome wahrscheinlich denselben onkologischen Vorteil erhöhter Radikalität bietet. Zumindest theoretisch sollte die Radikalität im Vergleich zur alleinigen Transplantation verbessert sein. Ob dieses Konzept bessere Ergebnisse bei der chirurgischen Behandlung früher Klatskin-Tumoren erlaubt, kann erst nach einem längeren Nachbeobachtungszeitraum beurteilt werden. Bis jetzt haben 6 von 7 Patienten die Operation überlebt und konnten nach Hause entlassen werden. Die Lebensqualität scheint nach dieser Operation besser zu sein als nach totaler Pankreatektomie oder nach Pankreastransplantation.

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Neuhaus, P., Blumhardt, G. Extended bile duct resection — a new oncological approach to the treatment of central bile duct carcinomas?. Langenbecks Arch Chir 379, 123–128 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195875

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