Abstract
Escherichia coli was grown as a continuous culture at various defined conditions of temperature, pH, aeration rate and dilution rate. The lipids were extracted from disrupted cells and the relative fatty acid content of the individual and total phospholipids was determined. The lipid composition of E. coli was shown to change with the fermentation conditions. Interestingly, E. coli adapted to high growth rates and to low oxygen tension by changing the lipid composition of the membrane in exactly the same way, thus indicating a common effect.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911–917
Calcott PH (1978) Freezing and thawing microbes. PPM14, Merrow Shilden, Co. Durham, UK
Cullis PR, Kruijff B de, Hope MJ, Nayar R, Schmid SL (1980) Phospholipids and membrane transport. Can J Biochem 58:1091–1100
Gilfillan AM, Chu AJ, Smart DA, Seamus AR (1983) Single plate separation of lung phospholipids including disaturated phopphatidylcholine. J Lipid Res 24:1651–1656
Han K, Lim HC, Hong J (1992) Acetic acid formation in Escherichia coli fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 39:663–671
Høy C-E, Hølmer G (1988) Dietary linoleic acid and the fatty acid profiles in rats fed partially hydrogenated marine oils. Lipids 23:973–980
Ingraham J (1987) Effect of temperature, pH, water activity, and pressure on growth. In: Neidhardt FC (ed) Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, cellular and molecular biology, vol 2. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp 1543–1554
Killian JA, Jong AMPh de, Bijvelt J, Verkleij AJ, Kruijff B de (1990) Induction of non-bilayer Lipid Structures by functional signal peptides. EMBO J 9:815–819
Knivett VA, Cullen J (1965) Some factors affecting cyclopropane acid formation in Escherichia coli. Biochem J 96:771–776
Marr AG, Ingraham JL (1962) Effect of temperature on the composition of fatty acids in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 84:1260–1267
McGarrity JT, Armstrong JB (1975) The effect of salt on phospholipid fatty acid composition in Escherichia coli K-12. Biochim Biophys Acta 398:258–264
McGarrity JT, Armstrong JB (1981a) The effect of temperature and other growth conditions on the fatty acid composition of Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 27:835–840
McGarrity JT, Armstrong JB (1981b) Phase transition behaviour of artificial liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholines acylated with cyclopropane fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta 640:544–548
Nesmeyanova MA (1982) On the possible participation of acid phospholipids in the translocation of secreted proteins through the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. FEBS Lett 142:189–193
Schütte H, Kula M-R (1988) Analytical disruption of microorganisms in a mixer mill. Enzyme Microb Technol 10:552–558
Schweizer E (1989) Biosynthesis of fatty acids and related compounds. In: Ratledge C, Wilkinson SG (eds) Microbial lipids, vol 2. Academic Press, London, pp 3–50
Silvius JR, McElhaney RN (1979) Effects of phospholipid acyl chain structure on thermotropic phase properties. 2: Phosphatidylcholines with unsaturated or cyclopropane acyl chains. Chem Phys Lipids 25:125–134
Stouthamer AH (1979) The search for correlation between theoretical and experimental growth yields. In: Quayle JR (ed) Microbial biochemistry, vol 21. University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 1–47
Tempest DW, Neijssel OM (1987) Growth yield and energy distribution. In: Neidhardt FC (ed) Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, cellular and molecular biology, vol 2. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp 797–806
Tomassen J, Vrije T de, Cock H de, Bosch D, Kruijff B de (1989) Involvement of membrane lipids in protein export in Escherichia coli. J Cell Sci Suppl 11:73–83
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arneborg, N., Salskov-Iversen, A.S. & Mathiasen, T.E. The effect of growth rate and other growth conditions on the lipid composition of Escherichia coli . Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 39, 353–357 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00192091
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00192091