Summary
Many mutant strains showing resistance to 2-deoxy-d-glucose (DG) on minimal medium containing glycerol as a carbon source were induced from Aspergillus niger WU-2223L, a citric acid-producing strain. The mutant strains were classifiable into two types according to their growth characteristics. On the agar plates containing glucose as a sole carbon source, mutant strains of the first type showed good growth irrespective of the presence or absence of DG. When cultivated in shake cultures, some strains of the first type, such as DGR1–2, showed faster glucose consumption and growth than strain WU-2223L. The period for citric acid production shortened from 9 days for strain WU-2223L to 6–7 days for these mutant strains. The levels and yields of citric acid production of the mutant strains were almost the same as those of strain WU-2223L. The mutant strains of the second type, however, showed very slow or no growth on both the agar plates containing glucose and fructose as sole carbon sources. In shake cultures, mutant strains such as DGR2-8 showed decreased glucose consumption rates, resulting in very low production of citric acid.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akiyama S, Suzuki T, Sumino Y, Nakao Y, Fukuda H (1973) Induction and citric acid productivity of fluoroacetate-sensitive mutant strains of Candida lipolytica. Agric Biol Chem 37:879–884
Allen KE, McNally MT, Lowendorf HS, Slayman CW, Free SJ (1989) Deoxyglucose-resistant mutants of Neurospora crassa: isolation, mapping, and biochemical characterization. J Bacteriol 171:53–58
Fiedurek J, Szczodrak J, Ilczuk Z (1987) Citric acid synthesis in Aspergillus niger mutants resistant to 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Acta Microbiol Pol 36:303–307
Heredia CF, Sols A (1964) Metabolic studies with 2-deoxyhexoses. II. Resistance to 2-deoxyglucose in a yeast mutant. Biochim Biophys Acta 86:224–228
Kirimura K, Yaguchi T, Usami S (1986) Intraspecific protoplast fusion of citric acid-producing strains of Aspergillus niger. J Ferment Technol 64:473–479
Kirimura K, Hirowatari Y, Usami S (1987a) Alterations of respiratory systems in Aspergillus niger under the conditions of citric acid fermentation. Agric Biol Chem 51:1299–1303
Kirimura K, Lee SP, Kawabe S, Usami S (1987b) Haploid recombinants formed as sectors in the intraspecific fusants of Aspergillus niger producing citric acid. J Ferment Technol 65:557–562
Kirimura K, Nakajima I, Lee SP, Kawabe S, Usami S (1988a) Citric acid production by the diploid strains of Aspergillus niger obtained by protoplast fusion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 27:504–506
Kirimura K, Lee SP, Nakajima I, Kawabe S, Usami S (1988b) Improvement in citric acid production by haploidization of Aspergillus niger diploid strains. J Ferment Technol 66:375–382
Kirimura K, Imura M, Lee SP, kato Y, Usami S (1989) Intergeneric hybridization between Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride by protoplast fusion. Agric Biol Chem 53:1589–1596
Kirimura K, Itohiya Y, Matsuo Y, Zhang M, Usami S (1990) Production of cellulase and citric acid by the intergeneric fusants obtained via protoplast fusion between Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride. Agric Biol Chem 54:1281–1283
Kubicek CP, Röhr M (1986) Citric acid fermentation. CRC Crit Rev Biotechnol 3:331–373
Lobo Z, Maitra PK (1977) Resistance to 2-deoxyglucose in yeast. Direct selection of mutants lacking glucose-phosphorylating enzymes. Mol Gen Genet 157:297–300
Maitra PK (1970) A glucokinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 245:2423–2431
Martin M, Heredia CF (1977) Characterization of a phosphatase specific for 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate in a yeast mutant. FEBS Lett 83:245–248
Meixner O, Mischak H, Kubicek CP, Röhr M (1985) Effect of manganese deficiency on plasma-membrane lipid composition and glucose uptake in Aspergillus niger. FEMS Microbiol Lett 26:271–274
Mischak H, Kubicek CP, Röhr M (1984) Citrate inhibition of glucose uptake in Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Lett 6:425–430
Montenecourt BS, Eveleigh DE (1979) Selective screening methods for the isolation of high yielding cellulase mutants of Trichoderma reesei. In: Brown RD Jr, Jurasek L (eds) Hydrolysis of cellulose: mechanisms of enzymatic and acid catalysis, American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 289–301
Moore D (1981) Effects of hexose analogues on fungi: mechanisms of inhibition and resistance. New Phytol 87:487–515
Moore D, Devadatham MS (1979) Sugar transport in Coprinus cinereus. Biochem Biophys Acta 550:515–526
Moore D, Stewart GR (1971) Mutants of Coprinus cinereus selected for resistance to 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Genet Res 18:341–352
Röhr M, Kubicek CP, Kominek J (1983) Citric acid. In: Rehm HJ, Reed G (eds) Biotechnology, vol 3, Verlag Chemie Weinheim, pp 419–454
Tani Y, Fuji A, Nishise H (1988) Production of raw cassava starch-digestive glucoamylase by a 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant of Rhizopus sp. J Ferment Technol 66:545–551
Usami S (1978) Production of citric acid by submerged culture. Mem School Sci Eng Waseda Univ 42:17–26
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kirimura, K., Sarangbin, S., Rugsaseel, S. et al. Citric acid production by 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant strains of Aspergillus niger . Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 36, 573–577 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00183231
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00183231