Skip to main content
Log in

Antisense RNA directed against the major capsid protein of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris bacteriophage 4-1 confers partial resistance to the host

  • Applied Genetics and Regulation
  • Published:
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Antisense RNA targeted against the major capsid protein (MCP) of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris bacteriophage F4-1 reduced bacteriophage replication by up to 50%. The region containing the mcp gene was oriented to transcribe the antisense strand using a L. lactis subsp. cremoris Wg2 promoter. The size of the mcp insert transcribed affected the level of bacteriophage inhibition and the greatest level of inhibition was achieved using a 301-bp fragment from the 5′ end of the mcp. Antisense mcp RNA constructs were stable and did not alter the endogenous plasmid profile in the host, L. lactis subsp. cremoris F4-1. There were, however, some adverse effects on the host during the stationary phase as exhibited by a decline in cell density.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alatossava T, Klaenhammer TR (1991) Molecular characterization of three small isometric-headed bacteriophages which vary in their sensitivity to the lactococcal phage resistance plasmid pTR2030. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:1346–1353

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen J, Forst SA, Zhao K, Inouye M, Delihas N (1989) The function of micF RNA. J Biol Chem 264:17961–17979

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson DG, McKay LL (1983) Simple and rapid method for isolating large plasmid DNA from lactic streptococci. Appl Environ Microbiol 46:549–552

    Google Scholar 

  • Boizet B, Lahbib-Mansais Y, Dupont L, Ritzenthaler P, Mata M (1991) Cloning, expression and sequence analysis of an endolysin-encoding gene of Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteriophage mv1. Gene 94:61–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung DK, Kim JK, Batt CA (1991) Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the major capsid protein from Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris bacteriophage F4–1. Gene 101:121–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman J, Hirasuma A, Inokuchi Y, Green PJ, Inouye M (1985) A novel immune system against bacteriophage infection using complementary RNA (micRNA). Nature 315:601

    Google Scholar 

  • Ecker J, Davis R (1986) Inhibition of gene expression in plant cells by expression of antisense RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:5372–5376

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanahan D (1983) Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. J Mol Biol 166:557–580

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill C, Miller LA, Klaenhammer TR (1990a) Nucleotide sequence and distribution of the pTR2030 resistance determinant (hsp) which aborts bacteriophage infection in lactococci. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:2255–2258

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill C, Miller LA, Klaenhammer TR (1990b) Cloning, expression, and sequence determination of a bacteriophage fragment encoding bacteriophage resistance in Lactococcus lactis. J Bacteriol 172:6419–6426

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill C, Miller LA, Klaenhammer TR (1991) In vivo genetic exchange of a functional domain from a type II A methylase between lactococcal plasmid pTR2030 and a virulent bacteriophage. J Bacteriol 173:4363–4370

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirashima A, Sawaki S, Inokuchi Y, Inouye M (1986) Engineering of the mRNA-interfering complementary RNA immune system against viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 3:7726–7730

    Google Scholar 

  • Innis MA, Gelfand DH (1990) Optimizations of PCRs. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., pp 3–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Inouye M (1988) Antisense RNA: its functions and applications in gene regulation — a review. Gene 72:25–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Izant J, Weintraub H (1984) Inhibition of thymidine kinase gene expression by anti-sense RNA: a molecular approach to genetic analysis. Cell 36:1007–1115

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis AW (1989) Bacteriophages of lactic acid bacteria. J Dairy Sci 72:3406–3428

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JH, Batt CA (1991a) Molecular characterization of a Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage F4–1. Food Microbiol 8:15–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JH, Batt CA (1991b) Nucleotide sequence and deletion analysis of a gene coding for a structural protein of Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage F4–1. Food Microbiol 8:27–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim SG, Batt CA (1991c) Identifucation of a nucleotide sequence conserved in Lactococcus lactis bacteriophages. Gene 98:95–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim SG, Batt CA (1991d) Antisense mRNA mediated bacteriophage resistance in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:1109–1113

    Google Scholar 

  • Kok J, Vossen JMBM van der, Venema G (1984) Construction of plasmid cloning vectors for lactic streptococci which also replicate in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 48:726–731

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakshmidevi G, Davidson BE, Hillier AJ (1988) Circular permutation of the genome of a temperate bacteriophage from Streptococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1039–1045

    Google Scholar 

  • Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall RJ, Berridge NJ (1976) Selection and some properties of phage-resistant starter for cheese-making. J Dairy Res 43:449–458

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizuno T, Chou M-Y, Inouye M (1984) A unique mechanism regulating gene expression: translational inhibition by a complementary RNA transcript (micRNA) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:1966–1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Pestka S, Daugherty BL, Jung V, Hotta K, Pestka RK (1984) Anti-mRNA: specific inhibition of translation of single mRNA molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:7525–7528

    Google Scholar 

  • Scharf SJ (1990) Cloning with PCR. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., pp 84–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Shearman C, Underwood H, Jury K, Gasson M (1989) Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of a Lactococcus bacteriophage lysin gene. Mol Gen Genet 218:214–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson ML, Zamecnik PC (1978) Inhibition of Rous sarcoma viral RNA translation by a specific oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:285–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Terzaghi BE, Sandine WE (1975) Improved medium for lactic streptococci and their bacteriophages. Appl Microbiol 29:807–817

    Google Scholar 

  • Thunell R, Sandine W, Bodyfelt F (1981) Phage-insensitive, multiple-strain starter approach to cheddar cheese. J Dairy Sci 64:2270–2277

    Google Scholar 

  • Vieira J, Messing J (1982) The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. Gene 19:259–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Vossen JMBM van der, Lelie D, van der, Venema G (1987) Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus cremoris Wg2-specific promoters. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:2452–2457

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead HR, Cox GA (1936) Bacteriophage phenomena in cultures of lactic streptococci. J Dairy Res 7:55–62

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Offprint requests to: C. A. Batt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kyun Chung, D., Kyun Chung, S. & Batt, C.A. Antisense RNA directed against the major capsid protein of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris bacteriophage 4-1 confers partial resistance to the host. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37, 79–83 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00174207

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00174207

Keywords

Navigation