Abstract
Chromosomal changes through pericentric inversions play an important role in the origin of species. Certain pericentric inversions are too minute to be detected cytogenetically, thus hindering the complete reconstruction of hominoid phylogeny. The advent of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique has facilitated the identification of many chromosomal segments, even at the single gene level. Therefore the cosmid probe for Prader-Willi (PWS)/Angelman syndrome to the loci on human chromosome 15 [ql 1-12] is being used as a marker to highlight the complementary sequence in higher primates. We hybridized metaphase chromosomes of chimpanzee (PTR), gorilla (GGO), and orangutan (PPY) with this probe (Oncor) to characterize the chromosomal segments because the nature of these pericentric inversions remains relatively unknown. Our observations suggest that a pericentric inversion has occurred in chimpanzee chromosome (PTR 16) which corresponds to human chromosome 15 at PTR 16 band pl 112, while in gorilla (GGO 15) and orangutan (PPY 16) the bands q11-12 complemented to human chromosome 15 band q11-12. This approach has proven to be a better avenue to characterize the pericentric inversions which have apparently occurred during human evolution. “Genetic” divergence in the speciation process which occurs through “chromosomal” rearrangement needs to be reevaluated and further explored using newer techniques.
References
Baldini A, Ried T, Shridhar V, Ogura K, D'Aiuto L, Rocchi M, Ward DC (1993) Alphoid DNA sequence conserved in all human and great ape chromosomes: evidence for ancient centromic sequences at human chromosomal regions 2q21 and 9q13. Hum Genet 90: 577–583
Dutrillaux B, Couturier J, Sabatier L, Muleris M, Prieur M (1986) Inversions in evolution of man and closely related species. Ann Genet 29:195–202
Ely J, Deka R, Chakraborty R, Ferrell RE (1992) Comparison of five tandem repeat loci between humans and chimpanzees. Genomcs 14:692–698
Haaf T, Schmid M (1987) Paracentric inversions in human chromosome 7 as a graphic example of reverse chromosomal mutation. Hum Evol 2:321–327
ISCN (1985) An international system for human cytogenetic nomenclature: birth defects original article series, Vol 21 (1). The National Foundation, New York
Jauch A, Wienberg J, Stanyon R, Arnold N, Tofanelli S, Ishida T, Cremer T (1993) Reconstruction of genomic rearrangements in great apes and gibbons by chromosome painting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:8611–8615
King M (1993) Species evolution: the role of chromosome change. Cambridge University Press, New York
Kuwano A et al. (1992) Molecular dissection of the Prader-Willi/ Angelman syndrome region (15q1 l-13) by YAC cloning and FISH analysis. Hum Mol Genet 1:417–425
Lander ES (1993) Finding similarities and differences among genomes. Nature Genet 4:5–6
Luke S, Verma RS (1992) Origin of human chromosome 2. Nature Genet 2:11–12
Luke S, Verma RS (1993a) The pictorial legacy of genomic synteny between human and chimpanzee. Chromosome Res 1:215–219
Luke S, Verma RS (1993b) Chromosomal domains of chimpanzee are diverged from human as revealed by in situ hybridization using human Genomic probe. Hum Evol 7:71–74
Martin RD (1993) Primate origins: plugging the gaps. Nature 363:223–234
Minghetti PP, Dugaiczyk A (1993) The emergence of new DNA repeats and the divergence of primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:1872–1876
Miro R, Fuster C, Clemente K, Caballin MR, Egozcue J (1992) Chromosome inversions involved in the chromosome evolution of the Hominidae and in human constitutional chromosome abnormalities. J Hum Evol 22:19–22
Nicholls RD (1993) Genomic imprinting and candidate genes in the Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. Cuff Opin Genet Dev 3: 156–445
O'Brien SJ (1993) The genomics generation. Curr Biol 3:395–397
Pinkel D, Straume T, Gray JW (1986) Cytogenetic analysis using quantitative high sensitivity fluorescence hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:2934–2938
Robinson WP, Bottani A, Yagang X, Balakri shnan J, Binkert F, Machler M, Prader A, Schinzel A (1991) Molecular cytogenetic and clinical investigations of Prader-Willi syndrome patients. Am J Hum Genet 49:1219–1234
Seuanez HN, Evans HJ, Martin DE, Fletcher J (1979) An inversion in chromosome 2 that distinguishes between Bornean and Sumatran orangutans. Cytogenet Cell Genet 23:137–140
Seuanez HN (1987) The chromosomes of man: evolutionary considerations. In: G Obe, A Basler (eds) Cytogenetics. Springer-Verlag, pp 65–89
Templeton AR (1982) Genetic architectures of speciation. In: Barigozzi C (ed) Mechanisms of speciation. Alan R. Liss Inc, New York, pp 105–121
Verma RS, Babu A (1989) Human chromosomes: manual of basic techniques. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 45–69
Verma RS, Luke S (1994) Evolutionary divergence of human chromosome 9 as revealed by the position of the ABL protooncogene in higher primates. Mol Gen Genet 243:369–373
White MJD (1978) Modes of speciation. Freeman, San Francisco
Wienberg J, Jauch A, Stanyon R, Cremer T (1990) Molecular cytotaxonomy of primates by chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization. Genomics 8:347–350
Yunis JJ, Prakash O (1982) The origin of man: a chromosomal pictorial legacy. Science 215:1525–1530
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Correspondence to: R.S. Verma
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luke, S., Verma, R.S. The genomic sequence for Prader-Willi/Angelman syndromes' loci of human is apparently conserved in the great apes. J Mol Evol 41, 250–252 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00170680
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00170680