Abstract
This paper first summarizes the morphology and dynamics of emerging flux regions and arch filament systems and then discusses detailed observations of a particular active region with emerging magnetic flux.
The central part of the growing active region shows abnormal granulation and a weak magnetic field that, locally, is transverse. In the border zone, strong downward flows occur in the chromopshere and photosphere (small features with strong magnetic fields (faculae, pores) are formed here.) Near the leading and following edge, sunspots are formed by the coalescence of such small magnetic elements.
The observational data are interpreted by means of a heuristic model of an emergent magnetic loop-shaped bundle consisting of many flux tubes. In this model we incorporate the theory of convective collapse and the buoyancy of flux tubes. The observed complexity in the structure and dynamics, including strong transverse fields and velocity shear, is attributed to the emergence of several flux regions within the active region at different orientations.
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Zwaan, C. The emergence of magnetic flux. Sol Phys 100, 397–414 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00158438
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00158438