Abstract
Serum samples collected from four groups of individuals in the Washington, D.C. area were examined for the presence of IgG and IgM classes of antibody reacting against HTLV-1 and HIV-1. These four groups were: (1) healthy adults with negative premarital VDRL test for syphilis (n=113), (2) miscellaneous common disease patients (n=155), (3) drug abusers (n=130), and (4) homosexual men (n=187). The former two groups are considered to be low-risk groups, and the latter two, high-risk groups. The prevalence of IgG antibody on ELISA/Western blot tests for these groups were respectively: (1) 5.3%/1.8%, (2) 5.2%/1.9%, (3) 13.9%/4.6%, and (4) 4.3%/1.6% for HTLV-1, and (1) 2.7%/0.9%, (2) 4.5%/0%, (3) 12.3%/5.4%, and (4) 8.0%/5.9% for HIV-1. Instances of possible concomitant infection as shown by the presence of antibodies against both HTLV-I and HIV-1 were found only in the latter two high-risk groups, i.e. two (1.5%) in group (3), and three (1.6%) in group (4) as confirmed by both Western blot and immunofluorescence tests. Out of 97 sera collected from drug abusers in 1985-86 which had IgG antibody by Western blot test against HIV-1, 23 (23.7%) were HTLV-I antibody positive by ELISA test (Group 5), and 8 of these were confirmed by Western blot test. Among these 8 persons, IgM antibody against HTLV-I was found in 2, while that against HIV-1 was positive in 7 persons. This fact suggests that the exposure to HIV-1 occurred more recently than that with HTLV-I in most of those persons who were dually infected. By cross-absorption studies, it was shown that the dual antibody reactivities were not due to cross-reactivity between HTLV-I and HIV-1.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bedarida G., Crocchiolo P., Cambie G., D'Agostino F., Arcidiacono L, Pasquali M. et al. (1987): Anti-HIV IgM screening in high-risk subjects. Abstract, III International Conf. on AIDS, p. 152.
Blattner W.A., Cleghorn F., Saxinger W.C, Mahabir B., Hull-Drysdale B., and Bartholomew C. (1987): Transmission of HTLV-I and HIV among homosexual men in Trinidad. — Abstract, III International Conf, on AIDS, p. 211.
Curran J.W., Morgan W.M., Hardy A.M., Jaffe H.W., Darrow W.W. and Dowdle W.R. (1985): The epidemiology of AIDS: current status and future prospects. - Science, 229: 1352–1357.
Greene W.C., Leonard W.J., Wano Y., Svetlik P.B., Peffer N.J., Sodroski J.G., Rosen C.A., Goh W.C. and Haseltine W.A. (1986): Trans-activator gene of HTLV-II induces IL-2 receptor and IL-2 cellular gene expression. - Science, 232: 877–880.
Harada S., Koyanagi Y. and Yamamoto N. (1985): Infection of HTLV-III/LAV in HTLV-I-carrying cells MT-2 and MT-4 and application in a plaque assay. - Science, 229: 563–566.
Harper M.E., Kaplan M.H., Marselle L.M., Pahwa S.G., Chayt K.J., Sarngadharan M.G., Wong-Staal F. and Gallo R.C. (1986): Concomitant infection with HTLV-1 and HTLV-III in a patient with T8 lymphoproliferative disease. - New Engl. J. Med., 315: 1073–1078.
Henderson L.E., Sowder R., Copel and T.D. Oroszlan S., Arthur L.O., Robey W.G. and Fischinger P.J. (1987): Direct identification of class II histocompatibility DR proteins in preparation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III. - J. Virol., 61: 629–632.
Hunter J.B. and Menitove J.E. (1985): HLA antibodies detected by ELISA HTLV-III antibody kits. Lancet, ii: 397.
Kalyanaraman V.S., Narayanan R., Feorino P., Ramsey R.B., Palmer E.L., Chorba T., McDougal S., Getchell J.P., Holloway B., Harrison A.K., Cabradilla C.D., Telfer M. and Evatt B. (1985): Isolation and characterization of a human T cell leukemia virus type II from a hemophilia-A patient with pancytopenia. - EMBO J., 4: 1455–1460.
Kalyanaraman V.S., Sarngadharan M.G., Robert-Guroff M., Miyoshy I., Blaney D., Golde D. and Gallo R. C. (1982): A new subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia. - Science, 218: 571–573.
Katamine S., Sugiyama H., Moriuchi R., Miyamoto T. and Hino S. (1985): Sera of adult T-cell leukemia patients and carriers of human T-cell leukemia virus type I in Japan do not cross-react with antigens of lymphadenopathy virus. - Jpn. J. Cancer Res, 76: 245–248.
Katz D., Hilliard J.K., Mirkovic R.R. and WordR.A. (1986): ELISA for detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 in human sera. - J. Virol. Methods, 14: 43–56.
Kuhn P., Seidl S. and Holzberger G. (1985): HLA DR4 antibodies cause positive HTLV-III antibody ELISA results. - Lancet i: 1222–1223.
Lee T.H., Coligan J.E, McLane M.F., Sodroski J.G., Popovic M., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R.C., Haseltine W. and Essex M. (1984): Serological cross-reactivity between envelope gene products of type I and type II human T-cell leukemia virus. - Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci, USA, 81: 7579–7583.
Maruyama M., Shibuya H., Harada H., Hatakeyama M., Seiki M., Fujita T., Inoue J., Yoshida M. and Taniguchi T. (1987): Evidence for aberrant activation of the interleukin-2 autocrine loop by HTLV-1-encoded p40x and T3/Ti complex triggering. - Cell, 48: 343–350.
Montefiori D.C. and Mitchell W.M. (1986): Infection of the HTLV-II-bearing T-cell line C3 with HTLVIII/LAV is highly permissive and lytic. - Virology, 155: 726–731.
Nerurkar L.S., Biggar R.J., Goedert J.J., Wallen W., Becker P., West F., Tzan N., Traub R., Lee Y.J., Botelar W., Fuccillo D., Madden D.L. and Sever J.L. (1987):Antiviral antibodies in the sera of homosexual men: correlation with their lifestyle and drug usage. -J. Med. Virol., 21: 123–135.
Pahwa S., Pahwa R., Saxinger C., Gallo R.C. and Good R.A. (1985): Influence of the human T-lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus on functions of human lymphocytes: Evidence for immunosuppressive effects and polyclonal B-cell activation by banded viral preparations. - Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 82: 8198–8202.
Philips P.E., Johnson S.L., Runge L.A., Moore J.L. and Poiesz B.J. (1986): High IgM antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus type I in systemic lupus erythematosus. - J. Clin. Immunol., 6: 234–241.
Robert-Guroff M., Blayney D.W., Safai B., Lange M., Gelmann EP., Gutterman J.W., Mansell P.W.A., Goedert J.L., Groopman J.E, Steigbigel N.H., Sidhu G.S., Johnson J.M., Friedman-Kiev A.E, Downing R., Bayley A.C. and Gallo R.C. (1984): HTLV-1 specific antibody in AIDS patients and others at risk. -Lancet ii, 128–130.
Rosenblatt J.D., Golde D.W., Wachsman W., Jacobs A., Schmidt G.M., Quan S., Gasson J.C. and Chen I.S.Y. (1986): A second isolate of HTLV-II associated with atypical hairy-cell leukemia. - New Engl. J. Med., 315: 372–377.
Sarin P.S., Sun D.K., Thornton A.H., Naylor P. and Goldstein A.L. (1986): Neutralization of HTLV-III/ LAV replication by antiserum to thymosin alpha-1. -Science, 232: 1135–1137.
Tan S.L., Eymard D., Gilmore N., Rozakis M., Jothy S., Goldberg E., Leblanc R., Rosengren 0., O'Shaughnessy M. and Gill P. (1987): IgM antibodies to HIV in sera from HIV-infected homosexual men in Montreal. -Abstract, III International Conf. on AIDS, p. 179.
Tedder R.S., Shanson D.C., Jeffries D.J., CheinsongPopov R., Clapham P., Dalgleish A., Nagy K. and Weiss R.A. (1984): Low prevalence in the UK of HTLV-1 and HTLV-II infection in subjects with AIDS, with extended lymphadenopaty, and at risk of AIDS. - Lancet ii, 125–127.
Weiss S.H., Ginzburg H.M., Saxinger W.C., Cantor K.P., Mundon F.K., Zimmerman D.H. and Blattner W.A. (1987): Emerging high rates of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HIV infection among U.S. drug abusers. - Abstract, III International Conf. on AIDS, p2ll.
Williams A.E., Fang CT, Slamon D.J., Poiesz B.J., Sandler S.G.,Darr II W.F., Shulman G., McGowan E.I., Douglas D.K., Bowman R.J., Peetoom F., Kleinman S.H., Lenes B. and Dodd R.Y.(1988): Seroprevalence and epidemiological correlates of HTLV-1 infection in U.S. blood donors. - Science, 240: 643–646.
Wong-Staal F. and Gallo R.C. (1985): The family of human T-lymphotropic leukemia viruses: HTLV-I as the cause of adult T cell leukemia and HTLV-111 as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. -Blood, 65: 253–263.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chang, K.S.S., Wang, LC., Gao, C. et al. Concomitant infection of HTLV-I and HIV-l: Prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies in Washington, D.C. area. Eur J Epidemiol 4, 426–434 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00146393
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00146393