Skip to main content
Log in

Gibberellins in Gramineae

  • Published:
Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Data on the occurrence of free and conjugated gibberellins in different tribes of Gramineae are compiled and discussed with regard to their biosynthetic pathways. From the gibberellins detected so far the functioning of both the early 13-hydroxylation and the non-3,13-hydroxylation pathway of GA biosynthesis in gramineous plants can be deduced and the discovery of further gibberellin conjugates may be expected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Appleford NEJ and Lenton JR (1991) Gibberellins and leaf expansion in near-isogenic wheat lines containing Rht1 and Rht3 dwarfing alleles. Planta 183: 229–236

    Google Scholar 

  2. Boother GM, Gale MD, Gaskin P, MacMillan J and Sponsel VM (1991) Gibberellins in shoots of Hordeum vulgare. A comparison between cv. Triumph and two dwarf mutants which differ in their response to gibberellin. Physiol Plant 81: 385–392

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brown HT and Morris GH (1890) Researches on the germination of some of the gramineae. J Chem Soc 57: 459–528

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cohen D and Paleg LG (1967) Physiological effects of gibberellic acid. X. The release of gibberellin-like substances by germinating barley embryos. Plant Physiol 42: 1288–1296

    Google Scholar 

  5. Croker SJ, Hedden P, Lenton JR and Stoddart JL (1990) Comparison of gibberellins in normal and slender barley seedlings. Plant Physiol 94: 194–200

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dathe W (1986) Occurrence of gibberellins in fungi and higher plants in relation to their taxonomical connections. In: SS Purohit, ed. Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth and Development, Vol 3, pp. 203–243. Bikaner: Agro Botanical Publishers

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dathe W, Schneider G, Jensen E, Junttila O and Sembdner G (1989) Reinvestigation of endogenous gibberellins in immature rye ears. Biochem Physiol Pflanzen 184: 249–258

    Google Scholar 

  8. Engstad R, Jensen E and Junttila O (1988) Gibberellins and vegetative growth of Poa pratensis L. In: RP Pharis and SB Rood, eds. Abstr 13th Intern Conf Plant Growth Substances 1988, No 330, Calgary

  9. Fujioka S, Yamane H, Katsumi M, Spray CR, Phinney BO and MacMillan J (1988a) Endogenous gibberellins from the non-responding dominant dwarf mutant (D8) of maize. In: RP Pharis and SB Rood, eds. Abstr 13th Intern Conf Plant Growth Substances 1988, No 332, Calgary

  10. Fujioka S, Yamane, H, Spray CR, Katsumi M, Phinney BO, Gaskin P, MacMillan J and Takahashi N (1988b) The dominant non-gibberellin-responding dwarf mutant (D8) of maize accumulates native gibberellins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 9031–9035

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fujioka S, Yamane H, Spray CR, Phinney BO, Gaskin P, MacMillan J and Takahashi N (1990) Gibberellin A3 is biosynthesized from gibberellin A20 via gibberellin A5 in shoots of Zea mays L. Plant Physiol 94: 127–131

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gaskin P, Kirkwood PS, Lenton JR, MacMillan J and Radley ME (1980) Identification of gibberellins in developing wheat grain. Agric Biol Chem 44: 1589–1593

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gaskin P, Gilmour SJ, Lenton JR, MacMillan J and Sponsel VM (1984) Endogenous gibberellins and kauranoids identified from developing and germinating barley grain. J Plant Growth Regul 2: 229–242

    Google Scholar 

  14. Grosselindemann E (1990) Gibberellinbiosynthese und Induktion der α-Amylase in keimenden Gerstenkaryopsen. Ph.D. thesis, Univ Göttingen

  15. Grosselindemann E, Graebe JE, Stöckl D and Hedden P (1991) ent-Kaurene biosynthesis in germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv Himalaya) caryopses and its relation to α-amylase production. Plant Physiol 96: 1099–1104

    Google Scholar 

  16. Haberlandt G (1890) Die Kleberschicht des Gras-Endosperms als Diastase ausscheidendes Drüsengewebe. Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 8: 40–48

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hedden P, Phinney BO, Heupel R, Fujii D, Cohen H, Gaskin P, MacMillan J and Graebe JE (1982) Hormones of young tassels of Zea mays. Phytochemistry 21: 391–393

    Google Scholar 

  18. Heupel RC, Phinney BO, Spray CR, Gaskin P, MacMillan J, Hedden P and Graebe JE (1985) Native gibberellins and the metabolism of [14C]gibberellin A53 and of [17-13C,17-3H2] gibberellin A20 in tassels of Zea mays. Phytochemistry 24: 47–53

    Google Scholar 

  19. Jensen E and Junttila O (1987) Endogenous gibberellins in young seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestimm) cultivars. Physiol Plant 71: 277–280

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kaufman PB (1980) Physiology and biochemistry of gibberellins in developing shoots of grasses. In: SS Purohit, ed. Aspects of Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Hormones, pp. 125–137. New Delhi Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kaufman PB, Ghosheh NS, Nakosteen L, Pharis RP, Durley RC and Morf W (1976) Analysis of native gibberelins in the internode, nodes, leaves and inflorescences of Avena plants. Plant Physiol 58: 131–134

    Google Scholar 

  22. Khan AA and Faust MA (1967) Effect of growth retardants on α-amylase production in germinating barley seed. Physiol Plant 20: 673–681

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kirkwood PS and MacMillan J (1982) Gibberellins A60, A61 and A62: Partial synthesis and natural occurrence. J Chem Soc, Perkin Trans 1: 689–697

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi I, Murofushi N, Ota Y and Takahashi N (1984) Endogenous gibberellins in immature seeds and flowering ears of rice. Agric Biol Chem 48: 2725–2729

    Google Scholar 

  25. Koshioka M, Pharis RP and Moore PH (1984) Identification of gibberellins A4 and A36 in sugar cane apices by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring. Agric Biol Chem 48: 2395–2396

    Google Scholar 

  26. Koshioka M, Yamada T, Takeno K, Beall FD, Janzen LM, Pharis RP and Mander LN (1988) Gibberellin A4 metabolism in rice plant seedlings. In: RP Pharis and SB Rood, eds. Abstr 13th Intern Conf Plant Growth Substances 1988, No 217, Calgary

  27. Kuhnle JA, Moore PH, Haddon WF and Fitch MM (1983) Identification of gibberellins from sugarcane plants. J Plant Growth Regul 2: 59–71

    Google Scholar 

  28. Lenton JR and Appleford NEJ (1991) Gibberellin production and action during germination of wheat. In: N Takahashi, BO Phinney and J MacMillan, eds. Gibberellins, pp. 125–135. New York: Springer

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mander LN and Patrick GL (1990) A general procedure for the prepartion of l1β-hydroxy gibberellins: Synthesis of the methyl esters of GA35 and 11β-hydroxy-GA7. Tetrahedron Lett 31: 423–426

    Google Scholar 

  30. Moore PH, Pharis RP and Koshioka M (1986) Gibberellins in apical shoot meristems of flowering and vegetative sugarcane. J Plant Growth Regul 5: 101–109

    Google Scholar 

  31. Murofushi N, Honda I, Hirasawa R, Yamaguchi I, Takahashi N and Phinney BO (1991) Gibberellins from the seed, tassel, cob and silk of maize. Agric Biol Chem 55: 435–439

    Google Scholar 

  32. Murofushi N, Iriuchijima S, Takahashi N, Tamura S, Kato J, Wada Y, Watanabe E and Aoyama T (1966) Isolation and structure of a novel C20 gibberellin in bamboo shoots. Agric Biol Chem 30: 917–924

    Google Scholar 

  33. Paleg LG (1960) Physiological effects of gibberellic acid. I. On carbohydrate metabolism and amylase activity of barley endosperm. Plant Physiol 35: 293–299

    Google Scholar 

  34. Pharis RP, Evans LT, King RW and Mander LN (1987) Gibberellins, endogenous and applied, in relation to flower induction in the long-day plant Lolium temulentum. Plant Physiol 84: 1132–1138

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pharis RP, Legge RL, Noma M, Kaufman PB, Ghosheh NS, Lacroix JD and Heller K (1981) Changes in endogenous gibberellins and the metabolism of [3H]GA4 after geostimulation in shoots of the oat plant (Avena sativa). Plant Physiol 67: 892–897

    Google Scholar 

  36. Phinney BO and Spray C (1982) Chemical genetics and the gibberellin pathway in Zea mays L. In: PF Wareing, ed. Plant Growth Substances 1982, pp. 101–110. New York: Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  37. Radley M (1967) Site of production of gibberellin-like substances in germinating barley embryos. Planta 75: 164–171

    Google Scholar 

  38. Radley M (1968) Production of gibberellin-like substances in barley seed and seedlings. In: Soc Chem Ind, Plant Growth Regulators, Monograph No 31, pp. 53–69. London: Society of Chemical Industry

    Google Scholar 

  39. Radley M (1969) The effect of the endosperm on the formation of gibberellin by barley embryos. Planta 86: 218–223

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rood SB, Beall FD and Pharis RP (1986) Photocontrol of gibberellin metabolism in situ in maize. Plant Physiol 80: 448–453

    Google Scholar 

  41. Rood SB, Bruns DM and Smienk SJ (1988) Gibberellins and sorghum development. Can J Bot 66: 1101–1106

    Google Scholar 

  42. Rood SB, Koshioka M, Douglas TJ and Pharis RP (1982) Metabolism of tritiated gibberellin A20 in maize. Plant Physiol 70: 1614–1618

    Google Scholar 

  43. Rood SB, Larsen KM, Mander LN, Abe H and Pharis RP (1986) Identification of endogenous gibberellins from sorghum. Plant Physiol 82: 330–332

    Google Scholar 

  44. Rood SB, Pharis RP and Koshioka M (1983) Reversible conjugation of gibberellins in situ in maize. Plant Physio1 73: 340–346

    Google Scholar 

  45. Schneider G, Jensen E, Spray CR and Phinney BO (1992) Metabolism of the [6-2 H]glucosyl ester of [17-13 13C,3H]gibberellin A20 by normal, dwarf-1 and dwarf-5 seedling shoots of Zea mays L. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, in press

  46. Schneider G, Schliemann W, Schaller B and Jensen E (1992) Identification of native gibberellin-O-glucosides in Zea mays L. and Hordeum vulgare L. In: CM Karssen, LC van Loon and D Vreugdenhil, eds. Progress in Plant Growth Regulation, pp. 566–570. Dordrecht Boston London: Kluwer Academic Publishers

    Google Scholar 

  47. Schneider G and Schmidt J (1990) Conjugation of gibberellins in Zea mays. In: RP Pharis and SB Rood, eds. Plant Growth Substances 1988, pp. 300–306. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer

    Google Scholar 

  48. Schneider G, Schmidt J and Phinney BO (1987) GC-MS Identification of GA20-13-O-glucoside formed from GA20 in normal plant and dwarf-1 mutant of Zea mays L. J Plant Growth Regul 5: 217–223

    Google Scholar 

  49. Sembdner G, Borgmann E, Schneider G, Liebisch H-W, Miersch O, Adam G, Lischewski M and Schreiber K (1976) Biological activity of some conjugated gibberellins. Planta 132:249–257

    Google Scholar 

  50. Spray C, Phinney BO, Gaskin P, Gilmour SJ and MacMillan J (1984) Internode length in Zea mays L. The dwarf-1 mutation controls the 3β-hydroxylation of gibberellin A20 to gibberellin A1. Planta 160: 464–468

    Google Scholar 

  51. Takahashi N and Kobayashi M (1991) Organ-specific gibberellins in rice: roles and biosynthesis. In: N Takahashi, BO Phinney and J MacMillan, eds. Gibberellins, pp. 9–21, New York: Springer

    Google Scholar 

  52. Tamura S, Takahashi N, Murofushi N, Iriuchijima S, Kato J, Wada Y, Watanabe E and Aoyama T (1966) Tetrahedron Lett 2465–2472

  53. Varner JE (1964) Gibberellic acid-controlled synthesis of α-amylase in barley endosperm. Plant Physiol 39: 413–415

    Google Scholar 

  54. Witbeck IT, Rood SB and Miller FR (1988) Gibberellins and heterosis in sorghum. In: RP Pharis and SB Rood, eds. Abstr 13th Intern Conf Plant Growth Substances 1988, No 374, Calgary

  55. Yanagisawa T, Katayama M, Sudo K, Yagoshi T, Watanabe M, Samsoedin RR, Yamaguchi I, Takahashi N (1992) Endogenous gibberellins from young shoots of three bamboo species. Biosci Biotech Biochem 56: 81–83

    Google Scholar 

  56. Yomo H (1960) Amylase-activating substance. II. Amylase-activating substance in the culture solution of barley embryo and the extraction of barley green malt. Hakko Kyokaishi 18: 494–499

    Google Scholar 

  57. Yomo H and Iinuma H (1966) Production of gibberellin-like substance in the embryo of barley during germination. Planta 71: 113–118

    Google Scholar 

  58. Yuda E, Nakagawa S, Murofushi N, Yokota T, Takahashi N, Koshioka M, Murakami Y, Pearce D, Pharis RP, Patrick GL, Mander LN and Kraft-Klaunzer P (1992) Endogenous gibberellins in the immature seed and pericarp of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica). Biosci Biotech Biochem 56: 17–20.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schliemann, W., Schneider, G. Gibberellins in Gramineae. Plant Growth Regul 12, 91–98 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00144588

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00144588

Key words

Navigation