Abstract
This article addresses the question whether educational institutions will in the future become the arenas of social struggle in the African countries as other avenues of dissent become progressively closed. The paper first provides a brief outline of the social and economic context in the African countries in order to cast student political activism in the wider picture of the rapidly deteriorating conditions. Such an outline is deemed necessary to understand the genesis of student protests, and in particular, how school-based concerns (e.g., about declining educational standards) can escalate, providing the embryonic elements for the articulation of more widely-based social and economic questions which have no other avenue of expression in increasingly closed and repressive political regimes. The vicious circle of student action and predictable government reaction (e.g., repeated closures of educational institutions) which further contributes to the decline in the quality of education is then discussed. Finally, the paper touches on the problems of rising violence in student demonstrations, the solidarity which seems to be emerging between students and other social groups in some countries, and the potential implications for the struggles for democracy and political pluralism in sub-Saharan Africa.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, C. H. (1986). ‘A review of social science research in eastern, southern and some west African states; report to SAREC’, manuscript. Stockholm: SAREC.
Altbach, Philip G. (1984). ‘Student politics in the Third World’, Higher Education 13, 635–655.
Ankomah, Baffour (1989). ‘Students in ferment’, New African (London), May.
Anyang' Nyong'o, Peter (ed.) (1987). Popular Struggles for Democracy in Africa. London: Zed Books.
Coquery-Vidrovitch, C. (1985). Africa: Endurance and Change South of the Sahara. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Deconde, Alexander (ed.) (1970). Student Activism: Town and Gown in Historical Perspective. New York: Scribner's.
Gellar, Sheldon (1982). Senegal: An African Nation Between Islam and the West. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Howard, Rhoda E. (1986). Human Rights in Commonwealth Africa. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield.
Jimenez, E. (1987). Pricing Policy in the Social Sectors: Cost Recovery for Education and Health in Developing Countries. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Kipkorir, B. E. (1974). ‘The inheritors and successors: the traditional background to the modern Kenya African elite, Kenya, c. 1890–1930’, Kenya Historical Review 2 (2), 143–161.
Mondlane, Eduardo (1983). The Struggle for Mozambique. London: Zed Books.
Oduleye, S. O. (1985) ‘Decline in Nigerian universities’, Higher Education 14, 17–40.
Osundare, N. (1983). ‘Agonies of a tottering tower’, West Africa, September 12.
Rosberg Jr. C., and Notthingham, J. (1966). The Myth of ‘Mau Mau’: Nationalism in Kenya. New York: Praeger.
Sandbrook, R. (1986). The Politics of Africa's Economic Stagnation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Weis, L. (1979). ‘Education and the reproduction of inequality: the case of Ghana’, Comparative Education Review 23 (1), 41–51.
World Bank (1986a). Financing Education in Developing Countries: An Exploration of Policy Options. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
World Bank (1986b). Population Growth and Policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
World Bank (1986c). Financing Adjustment with Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
World Bank (1988). Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies for Adjustment, Revitalization and Growth. Washington, D.C. World Bank.
World Bank (1989). Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth. Washington, D. C.: World Bank.
World Bank (1990). World Development Report, 1990: Poverty. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nkinyangi, J.A. Student protests in sub-Saharan Africa. High Educ 22, 157–173 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137474
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137474