Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nonequilibrium superconductivity

  • Published:
Journal of Low Temperature Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

In general, the quasiparticles, phonons, and pair field in a superconductor driven by an external source are out of equilibrium. Here we review briefly the various quasiparticle and phonon lifetimes in real metals and estimate the strengths necessary to induce a strongly nonequilibrium state. Then we investigate the properties of a thin film driven in a spatially uniform steady state by quasiparticle injection, heater phonon pumping, and microwave radiation. This analysis uses a set of coupled kinetic equations for quasiparticle and phonon distributions and the BCS gap equation with the self-consistently determined quasiparticle distribution. Such films can be used to generate phonons with energy near 2 δ. In addition, the gap enhancement in a thin film due to microwave irradiation is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. C. Dynes and V. Narayanamurti, Phys. Rev. B 6, 143 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  2. T. C. Tredwell and E. H. Jacobsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 244 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  3. K. E. Gray, A. R. Long, and C. J. Adkins, Phil. Mag. 20, 273 (1969); J. Clarke and J. L. Paterson, J. low Temp. Phys. 15, 491 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. F. G. Wyatt, V. M. Dmitriev, W. S. Moore, and F. W. Sheard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 1166 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  5. A. H. Dayem and J. J. Wiegand, Phys. Rev. 155, 419 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  6. L. R. Testardi, Phys. Rev. B 4, 2189 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  7. W. H. Parker and W. D. Williams, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 924 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. A. Sai-Halasz, C. C. Chi, A. Denenstein, and D. N. Langenberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 215 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  9. P. Hu, R. C. Dynes, and V. Narayanamurti, Phys. Rev. B 10, 2786 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  10. R. Janik, L. Morelli, N. C. Cirillo, Jr., J. N. Lechevet, W. D. Gregory, and W. L. Goodman, IEEE Trans. Mag. 11, 689 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. J. Chang and D. J. Scalapino, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 522 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  12. W. E. Eisenmenger and A. H. Dayem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 125 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. C. Dynes, V. Narayanamurti, and M. Chin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 181 (1971); R. C. Dynes and V. Narayanamurti, Phys. Rev. B 6, 143 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  14. I. L. Singer and W. E. Bron, Phys. Rev. B 14, 2832 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. H. Dayem and J. J. Wiegand, Phys. Rev. B 5, 4390 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  16. J. J. Chang and D. J. Scalapino, Phys. Rev. B 15, 2651 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  17. B. R. Fjordboge, T. D. Clark, and P. E. Lindelof, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 1302 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  18. T. M. Klapwijk and J. E. Mooij, Physica 81B, 132 (1976); T. M. Klapwijk, J. N. van den Berg, and J. E. Mooij, preprint.

    Google Scholar 

  19. T. Kommers and J. Clarke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1091 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  20. G. M. Eliashberg, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. Pisma 11, 186 (1970) [Sov. Phys.—JETP Lett. 11, 114 (1970)].

    Google Scholar 

  21. B. I. Ivlev and G. M. Eliashberg, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. Pisma 13, 464 (1971) [Sov. Phys—JETP Lett. 13, 333 (1971)]; B. I. Ivlev, S. G. Lisitsyn, and G. M. Eliashberg, J. Low Temp. Phys. 10, 449 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. J. Chang and D. J. Scalapino, preprint.

  23. J. J. Chang and D. J. Scalapino, Phys. Rev. B 10, 4047 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  24. S. Chandrasekhar, Hydrodynamics and Hydrodynamic Stability (Clarendon, Oxford, 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  25. T. W. Wong, J. T. C. Yeh, and D. N. Langenberg, IEEE Trans. Mag. 13, 743 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  26. T. W. Wong, J. T. C. Yeh, and D. N. Langenberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 150 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  27. L. P. Gor'kov and G. M. Eliashberg, Zh Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 55, 2430 (1968) [Sov. Phys.—JETP 28, 1291 (1968)].

    Google Scholar 

  28. V. Keldysh, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47, 1515 (1964) [Sov. Phys.—JETP 20, 1018 (1965)].

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. V. Carlson and A. M. Goldman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 880 (1973); 34, 11 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  30. K. E. Gray, J. Phys. F 1, 290 (1971); D. C. Lancashire, J. Phys. F 2, 107 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  31. S. Kaplan, C. C. Chi, D. N. Langenberg, J. J. Chang, S. Jafarey, and D. J. Scalapino, Phys. Rev. B 14, 4854 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  32. D. J. Scalapino, in Superconductivity, R. D. Parks, ed. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1969), Chapter X.

    Google Scholar 

  33. J. Clarke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1363 (1972); M. Tinkham and J. Clarke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1366 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. Schmid and G. Schön, J. Low Temp. Phys. 20, 207 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  35. I. Schuller and K. E. Gray, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 429 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  36. J. Bardeen, G. Rickzyzen, and L. Tewordt, Phys. Rev. 113, 982 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  37. V. Ambegaokar and L. Tewordt, Phys. Rev. 134A, 805 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  38. A. Rothwarf and B. N. Taylor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 27 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  39. W. A. Little, Can. J. Phys. 37, 334 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. T. C. Yeh and D. N. Langenberg, preprint.

  41. W. H. Parker, Phys. Rev. B 12, 3667 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Jhy-Jiun Chang

    Present address: Division of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California

    Jhy-Jiun Chang & D. J. Scalapino

Authors
  1. Jhy-Jiun Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. J. Scalapino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Work supported by the Office of Naval Research. Preliminary results have been reported at the Applied Superconductivity Conference, Stanford, August 1976 [IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-13, 747 (1977)] and at the NATO Advanced Study Institute at Lago di Garda, Italy, September 1976 [NATO Adv. Study Inst. Series (B-Physics) 21, 447–486 (1977)].

J. S. Guggenheim Foundation Fellow (1976–77).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chang, JJ., Scalapino, D.J. Nonequilibrium superconductivity. J Low Temp Phys 31, 1–32 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116228

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116228

Keywords

Search

Navigation