Abstract
Management of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) understory grown with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) resulted in differences in both clover yield and pine diameter. Loblolly and slash pines were planted into a subterranean clover pasture in 1984. Suppression of warm season herbaceous vegetation by applying herbicides or disking the site in late summer resulted in significantly greater subterranean clover production than on the control site where no additional understory management was applied. Pine species had no effects on clover yield. The N content of the pine foliage on the blocks managed with herbicide application or disking generally was significantly greater than the control from the 5th through 7th growing seasons (1988–1990). The dbh of the pine trees in the disked and herbicide treatments was greater than the control after the 7th growing season (1990).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen H and Ballard R (1982) Forest fertilization of loblolly pine. In: Kellison RC, Gingrich S, eds, Symp Loblolly Pine Ecosystem, pp 163–181. North Carolina State Univ Raleigh, NC
Berglund ER (1976) Seeding to control erosion along forest roads. Oregon State Univ Ext Serv Circ 885, Corvallis, OR, 19 pp
Chapman HD (1965) Total exchangeable bases. In: Black CA, ed, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Agronomy 9: 902–904
Date, RA (1970) Microbiological problems in the inoculation and nodulation of legumes. Plant and Soil 32: 703–725
Davis LG, Johnson MK and Pearson HA (1983) Sub-clover for cattle on winter forest. Stockman 40: 18–19
Giles RH (1972) Wildlife Management Techniques. Edward Brothers, Publ, Ann Arbor, MI, 633 pp
Gordon JC and Wheeler CT, eds (1983) Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Forest Ecosystems: Foundations and Applications. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr Junk Publ, The Hugue, The Netherlands, 432 pp
Hagedorn C, Watson VH and Knight WE (1980) Forage legumes in a forested environment. In: Child RC, Byington EK, eds, Southern For Range and Past Symp, pp 143–145. New Orleans, LA, 268 pp
Haines SG, Haines LW and White G (1978) Leguminous plants increase sycamore growth in northern Alabama. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42: 130–132
Haines SG and DeBell DS (1979) Use of nitrogen-fixing plants to improve and maintain productivity of forest soils. In: Impact of Intensive Harvest on Forest Nutrient Cycling Symposium Proc College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State Univ, New York, Syracuse, NY
Jackson ML (1958) Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc, Inglewood Cliffs, NJ
John MK (1970) Colorimetric determination of phosphorus in soil and plant materials with ascorbic acid. Soil Sci 109: 214–220
Johnson DW and Todd DE (1988) Nitrogen fertilization of young pines and loblolly pine plantations at differing frequencies. Soil Sci Soc Am J 52: 1468–1477
Jorgensen JR (1985) Sericea influences early survival, growth, and nutrition of sand pine. USDA Forest Serv Gen Tech Rpt SO-54, pp 363–368. Southern For Exp Sta, New Orleans, LA
Knight WE, Palertree HD and Watson VH (1976) Growing subterranean clover in Mississippi. Inf Sheet 1268, Mississippi Agric For Exp Sta, Starkville, MS, 2 pp
Pearson HA, Baldwin VC and Barnett JP (1990) Cattle grazing and pine survival and growth in subterranean clover pasture. Agroforest Syst 10: 161–168
Powers RF, Van Gunt DL and Townsend RF (1981) Ammonia electrode analysis of nitrogen in microKjeldahl digests of forest vegetation. Commun. Soil Sci Plant Anal 12: 19–30
Pritchett WL and Comerford NB (1983) Nutrition and fertilization of slash pine. In: Stone EL, ed, The Managed Slash Pine Ecosystem, pp 69–90. Proc Symp Univ of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL
Schmidtling RC (1985) Species and cultural effects on soil chemistry in a southern pine plantation after 24 years. USDA For Serv Gen Tech Rpt SO-54, pp 573–577. Southern For Exp Sta, New Orleans, LA
Schoeneberger MM and Jorgensen JR (1989) Long-term benefit of lespedeza on loblolly pine growth. USDA For Serv Gen Tech Rpt SO-74, pp 477–481. Southern For Exp Sta, New Orleans, LA
Shoulders E and Tiarks AE (1990) Nine-year response of thinned slash pine to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Soil Sci Am J 54: 234–237
Tukey JW (1977) Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
Van Sambeek JW, Schlesinger RC, Ponder F and Rietveld WJ (1985) Actinorhizal species as nurse crops for black walnut. In: Dawson JO, Majerus KA, eds, Proc Fifth Central Hardwood Forest Conf, pp 257–263. Dept Forestry, Univ Illinois, Urbana
Watson VH, Pearson HA, Knight WE and Hagedorn C (1984) Cool season forages for use in pine forests. In: Linnartz NE, Johnson MK, eds, Agroforestry in the Southern United States, pp 79–88. Louisiana State Agric Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 183 pp
White G (1978) Legumes — a silvicultural tool? In: Haines SG, ed, Nitrogen Fixation in Southern Forestry, pp 112–119. International Paper Co, Bainbridge, GA
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ziehm, R.W., Pearson, H.A., Thurow, T.L. et al. Pine growth response to management of the subterranean clover understory. Agroforest Syst 20, 267–274 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053144
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053144