Summary
Solanum L. sect. Petota Dumort., the potato and its wild relatives, contains 232 species, according to the latest taxonomic interpretation of Hawkes (1990). Section Petota is distributed in the Americas from the southwestern United States to southern Chile. This economically important group has attracted the attention of numerous taxonomists with various taxonomic philosophies. There are 531 validly published basionyms in the group, plus 67 nomina nuda or nomina dubia, and subsequent transfers to other ranks raise the number of names to 664. The taxonomy of sect. Petota has been dominated in recent years by J. G. Hawkes & J. P. Hjerting (co-workers) and C. M. Ochoa. The near simultaneous and independent publication of three recent books by these workers, treating the Bolivian species of sect. Petota, provides a novel opportunity to compare their taxonomic philosophies. Additionally, a recent independent treatment of all of the South American species by L. E. Gorbatenko provides a new interpretation of affiliations of species to series that is compared to the recent treatment of Hawkes and earlier treatments of S. M. Bukasov and D. S. Correll. These treatments differ in the placement of species into series, species boundaries, rank of infraspecific taxa, and hypotheses of hybridization. Our analysis illustrates the wide differences of taxonomic interpretation possible when independent workers treat the same material. The comparison provides insights into unresolved taxonomic questions in sect. Petota and indicates the need for a practical taxonomic resolution that will benefit plant breeders and other researchers on wild potatoes. Reasons for the discrepancies are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, E., 1949. Introgressive Hybridization. Wiley Press, New York.
Astley, D. & J.G. Hawkes, 1979. The nature of the Bolivian weed potato species Solanum sucrense Hawkes. Euphytica 28: 685–696.
Baker, J.G., 1884. A review of the tuber-bearing species of Solanum. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 20: 489–507, pl. XLI–XLVI.
Bitter, G., 1912–1914. Solana nova vel minus cognita, I-XV. Feddes Repert. Specierum Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 529–565; 11: 1–18, 202–237, 241–260, 349–394, 431–473, 481–491, 561–566; 12: 1–10, 49–90, 136–162, 433–467, 542–555; 13: 88–103, 169–173.
Bonierbale, M.W., R.L. Plaisted & S.D. Tanksley, 1988. RFLP maps based on a common set of clones reveal modes of chromosomal evolution in potato and tomato. Genetics 120: 1095–1103.
Brücher, H., 1959. Kritische Betrachtungen zur Nomenklatur Argentinischer Wildkartoffeln. V. Die Serie Acaulia. Züchter 29: 149–156.
Brücher, H., 1974. Über Art-Begriff and Art-Bildung bei Solanum (Sect. Tuberarium). Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 50: 393–429.
Brücher, H., 1985. Solanum leptophyes Bitter, eine häufig verwechselte südamerikanische Wildkartoffel mit bemerkenswerter Nematoden-Resistenz. Angew. Bot. 59: 113–123.
Bukasov, S.M., 1930. The cultivated plants of Mexico, Guatemala and Colombia (in Russian, English summary). Trudy Prikl. Bot. Suppl. 47: 191–226, 513–525.
Bukasov, S.M., 1933. The potatoes of South America and their breeding possibilities (in Russian, English summary). Trudy Prikl. Bot. Suppl. 58: 1–192.
Bukasov, S.M., 1937. Cuatro nuevas especies de Solanum de la flora Argentina. Rev. Argent. Agron. 4: 238–240.
Bukasov, S.M., 1939. The origin of potato species. Physis (B. Aires) 18: 41–46.
Bukasov, S.M., 1940. New wild potato species from Argentina and Uruguay (in Russian, English summary). Sov. Plant Ind. Record (Vestn. Social. Rasten.) 4: 3–12.
Bukasov, S.M., 1955. Systematics of potato species (in Russian). Probl. Bot. 2: 317–326.
Bukasov, S.M., 1960. Questions of Evolution, Biogeography, Genetics and Plant Breeding (in Russian). Kolos Publishing, Moscow & Leningrad.
Bukasov, S.M., 1978. Systematics of the potato. (in Russian). English translation of article first appearing in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 62: 3–35. In: V.S. Kothetar, (Ed.), A.K. Dhote (translator), Systematics, Breeding and Seed Production of Potatoes pp. 1–42, Amerind. Publishing Company, New Delhi.
Bukasov, S.M. & A.Y. Kameraz, 1959. Bases of Potato Breeding. (in Russian). Gosud. Izd. Sel'sko, Litre, Moscow.
Clausen, A.M. & J.V. Crisci, 1989. Análisis multivariado de la variación morfológica de poblaciones diploides y tetraploides de Solanum gourlayi (Solanaceae) y especies relacionadas. Darwiniana 29: 247–259.
Clausen, A.M. & K.A. Okada, 1987. The subspecies of Solanum gourlayi Hawkes. Phytologia 62: 165–170.
Contreras-M.A., 1987. Germoplasma chileno de papas (Solanum spp.). An. Simp. Rec. Fitogenéticos, Valdivia [Chile] 1984. Univ. Austral. Chile & Int. Board Pl. Gen. Res.
Correll, D.S., 1952. Section Tuberarium of the genus Solanum of North America and Central America. Agric. Monogr. USDA 11: 1–243.
Correll, D.S., 1962. The potato and its wild relatives. Contr. Texas Res. Found. Bot. Stud. 4: 1–606.
Correll, D.S., 1967. Flora of Peru: Solanaceae, section Neolycopersicon and section Tuberarium. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Bot. Ser. 13, 271–458.
Cribb, P.J. & J.G. Hawkes, 1986. Experimental evidence for the origin of Solanum tuberosum subspecies andigena. In W.G. D'Arcy (Ed.), Solanaceae: Biology and Systematics, pp. 383–404, Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
Debener, T., F. Salamini & C. Gebhardt, 1990. Phylogeny of wild and cultivated Solanum species based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Theor. Appl. Genet. 79: 360–368.
Dodds, K.S., 1962. Classsification of cultivated potatoes. In: D.S. Correll (Ed.), The potato and its wild relatives, pp. 517–539, Contr. Texas Res. Found. Bot. Stud. 4.
Douches, D.S., K. Ludlam & R. Freyre, 1991. Isozyme and plastid DNA assessment of pedigrees of nineteenth century potato cultivars. Theor. Appl. Genet. 82: 195–200.
Dunal, M.F., 1852. Solanum In: A.P. De Candolle (Ed.), Prodromus 13, pp. 27–387, Treuttel & Würtz, Paris.
Flores Crespo, R., 1966. Estudio preliminar del genero Solanum, seccion Tuberarium subseccion Hyperbasarthrum en Mexico. Tesis, Univ. Nac. Autonoma de México, México. D. F.
Gorbatenko, L.E., 1989. Systematic conspectus of section Petota Dumort. of the genus Solanum L. in South America (in Russian). Trudy Prikl. Bot. 126: 92–108.
Grant, V., 1981. Plant Speciation. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
Grun, P., 1990. The evolution of cultivated potatoes. In: P.K. Bretting (Ed.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Evolution of New World Domesticated Plants. Econ. Bot. (3 Suppl.) 44: 39–55.
Hanneman, R.E. Jr., 1989. The potato germplasm resource. Am. Potato J. 66: 655–667.
Hanneman, R.E. Jr. & J.B. Bamberg, 1986. Inventory of tuber-bearing Solanum species. Wis. Agric. Exp. St. Bull. 533, 1–216.
Harlan, J.R. & J.M.J. de Wet, 1971. Toward a rational classification of cultivated plants. Taxon 20: 509–517.
Hawkes, J.G., 1944. Potato collecting expeditions in Mexico and South America. II. Systematic classification of the collections. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. Genet., Imp. Agric. Bur., Cambridge.
Hawkes, J.G., 1956. A revision of the tuber-bearing Solanums. Scott. Pl. Breed. Sta. Ann. Rep. 1956: 37–109.
Hawkes, J.G., 1958. Kartoffel. I. Taxonomy, cytology and crossability. In: H. Kappert & W. Rudorf (Eds.), Handb. Pflanzenzüchtg., ed. 2, vol. 3, pp. 1–43, Paul Parey, Berlin.
Hawkes, J.G., 1962a. Introgression in certain wild potato species. Euphytica 11: 26–35.
Hawkes, J.G., 1962b. The origin of Solanum juzepczukii Buk. and Juz. et Buk. Z. Pflanzenzücht. 47: 1–14.
Hawkes, J.G., 1963. A revision of the tuber-bearing Solanums. II. Scott. Pl. Breed. Sta. Rec. 1963: 76–181.
Hawkes, J.G., 1966. Modern taxonomic work on the Solanum species of Mexico and adjacent countries. Am. Potato. J. 43: 81–103.
Hawkes, J.G., 1978. Biosystematics of the potato. In: P.M. Harris (Ed.), The Potato Crop: the Scientific Basis for Improvement, pp. 15–69. Chapman & Hall, London.
Hawkes, J.G., 1980. The taxonomy of cultivated plants and its importance in plant breeding research. In: Perspectives in World Agriculture, pp. 49–66, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, Farnham, England.
Hawkes, J.G., 1986a. Infraspecific classification—the problems. In: B.T. Styles (Ed.), Infraspecific Classification of Wild and Cultivated Plants, pp. 1–7, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
Hawkes, J.G., 1986b. Problems of taxonomy and nomenclature in cultivated plants. In: L.J.G. van der Maesen (Ed.), First International Symposium on the Taxonomy of Cultivated Plants, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 12–16 August, 1985. Acta Hort. (Wageningen) 182: 41–52.
Hawkes, J.G., 1989. Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the infrageneric taxa of the tuber-bearing Solanums (Solanaceae). Taxon 38: 489–492.
Hawkes, J.G., 1990. The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity and Genetic Resources. Belhaven Press, Oxford.
Hawkes, J.G., & J.P. Hjerting, 1969. The potatoes of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay: a biosystematic study. Ann. Bot. Mem. 3: 1–525 + 150 pl.
Hawkes, J.G. & J.P. Hjerting, 1989. The Potatoes of Bolivia: Their Breeding Value and Evolutionary Relationships. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Hawkes, J.G. & K.A. Okada, 1988. New tetraploid Solanum species from Bolivia, S. hoopesii and S. ugentii. Phytologia 64: 325–329.
Hosaka, K., 1986. Who is the mother of the potato?—restriction endonuclease analysis of chloroplast DNA of cultivated potatoes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 72: 606–618.
Hosaka, K. & R.E. Hanneman, Jr. 1988a. The origin of cultivated tetraploid potato based on chloroplast DNA. Theor. Appl. Genet. 76: 172–176.
Hosaka, K. & R.E. Hanneman, Jr., 1988b. Origin of chloroplast DNA diversity in the Andean potatoes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 76: 333–340.
Hosaka, K., Y. Ogihara, M. Matsubayashi & K. Tsunewaki, 1984. Phylogenetic relationship between the tuberous Solanum species as revealed by restriction endonuclease analysis of chloroplast DNA. Jap. J. Genet. 59: 349–369.
Hosaka, K. & D.M. Spooner, In Press. RFLP analysis of the wild potato species, Solanum acaule Bitter (Solanum sect. Petota). Theor. Appl. Genet.
Huáman, Z., J.G. Hawkes & P.R. Rowe, 1980. Solanum ajanhuiri: An important diploid potato cultivated in the Andean altiplano. Econ. Bot. 34: 335–343.
Huáman, Z., J.G. Hawkes & P.R. Rowe, 1982. A biosystematic study of the origin of the cultivated diploid potato, Solanum x ajanhuiri Juz. et Buk. Euphytica 31: 665–676.
Huáman, Z., J.G. Hawkes & P.R. Rowe, 1983. Chromatographic studies on the origin of the cultivated diploid potato Solanum x ajanhuiri Juz. et Buk. Amer. Pot. J. 60: 361–367.
Jackson, M.T., J.G. Hawkes & P.R. Rowe, 1977. The nature of Solanum x chauca Juz. et Buk., a triploid cultivated potato of the South American Andes. Euphytica 26: 775–783.
Jackson, M.T., P.R. Rowe & J.G. Hawkes, 1978. Crossability relationships of Andean potato varieties of three ploidy levels. Euphytica 27: 541–551.
Johns, T., Z. Huaman, C. Ochoa & P.E. Schmiediche, 1987. Relationships among wild, weed, and cultivated potatoes in the Solanum x ajanhuiri complex. nSyst. Bot. 12: 541–522.
Johnston, S.A., T.P.M. den Nijs, S.J. Peloquin & R.E. Hanneman, Jr., 1980. The significance of genic balance to endosperm development in interspecific crosses. Theor. Appl. Genet. 57: 5–9.
Juned, S.A.,M.T. Jackson & J.P. Catty, 1988. Diversity in the wild potato species Solanum chacoense Bitt. Euphytica 37: 149–156.
Juzepczuk, S.W., 1937. New species of the genus Solanum in the group Tuberarium Dun. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Otd. Mat. Nauk, Ser. Biol. 2: 295–311.
Juzepczuk, S.W. & S.M. Bukasov, 1936. Nuevas especies de Solanum de la flora Argentina. Rev. Argent. Agron. 3: 225–228.
Linnaeus, C., 1753. Species plantarum 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm.
Montaldo, A. & C. Sanz, 1962. Las especies de papas silvestres y cultivadas de Chile. Agric. Tee. (Santiago) 22: 66–152.
Matsubayashi, M., 1991. Phylogenetic relationships in the potato and its related species. In: T. Tsuchiya & P.K. Gupta (eds.), Chromosome engineering in plants: Genetics, Breeding, Evolution, Part B, pp. 93–118. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Ochoa, C.M., 1962. Los Solanum Tuberiferos del Perú (Secc. Tuberarium, Sub-secc. Hyperbasarthrum). Priv. Publ., Lima, Peru.
Ochoa, C.M., 1988. New Bolivian taxa of Solanum (Sect. Petota). Phytologia 65: 103–113.
Ochoa, C.M., 1990a (released 13 June 1991). The Potatoes of South America: Bolivia. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
Ochoa, C.M., 1990b. Solanum serratoris: a new wild Ecuadorian potato species. Am. Potato J. 67: 381–383.
Okada, K.A. & A.M. Clausen, 1982. Natural hybridization between Solanum acaule Bitt. and S. megistacrolobum Bitt. in the province of Jujuy, Argentina. Euphytica 31: 817–835.
Okada, K.A. & A.M. Clausen, 1985. Natural triploid hybrids between Solanum acaule Bitter and S. infundibuliforme Philippi in the Province of Jujuy, Argentina. Euphytica 34: 219–231.
Okada, K.A. & J.G. Hawkes, 1978. Solanum x rechei, especie silvestre de papas de origen hibrido de la Sierra de Famatina (Provincia de La Rioja, Argentina). Kurtziana 11: 55–74.
Oliver, J.L. & J.M. Martinez Zapater, 1984. Allozyme variability and phylogenetic relationships in the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) and related species. Pl. Syst. Evol. 148, 1–18.
Plaisted, R.L. & R.W. Hoopes, 1989. The past record and future prospects for the use of exotic potato germplasm. Am. Potato. J. 66: 603–627.
Plucknett, D.L., N.J.H. Smith, J.T. Williams & N.M. Anishetty, 1987. Gene Banks and the World's Food. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Rabinowitz, D., C.R. Linder, R. Ortega, D. Begano, H. Murguia, D.S. Douches & C.F. Quiros, 1990. High levels of interspecific hybridization between Solanum sparsipilum and S. stenotomum in experimental plots in the Andes. Am. Potato J. 67: 73–81.
Rick, C.M., 1963. Barriers to inbreeding in Lycopersicon peruvianum. Evolution 17: 216–232.
Rodriguez Contreras, A., 1991. Las papas silvestres (género Solanum, sección Petota, subsección Potatoe) en Jalisco. Tesis, Univ. de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.
Rydberg, P.A., 1924. The section Tuberarium of the genus Solanum in Mexico and Central America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 145–154; 167–176.
Schmiediche, P.E., J.G. Hawkes & C.M. Ochoa, 1980. Breeding of the cultivated potato species Solanum x juzepczukii Buk. and Solanum x curtilobum Juz. et Buk. I. A study of the natural variation of S. x juzepczukii, S. x curtilobum and their wild progenitor, S. acaule Bitt. Euphytica 29: 685–704.
Schmiediche, P.E., J.G. Hawkes & C.M. Ochoa, 1982. The breeding of the cultivated potato species Solanum x juzepczukii and S. x curtilobum. II. The resynthesis of S. x juzepczukii and S. x curtilobum. Euphytica 31: 695–707.
Spooner, D.M. & J.B. Bamberg, 1991. The Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Project (IR-1), U.S. center for potato germplasm. Diversity 7(4): 32–35.
Spooner, D.M. & D.S. Douches 1992. Allozyme variation within Solanum sect. Petota, ser. Etuberosa (Solanaceae). Am. J. Bot. 79: 467–471.
Spooner, D.M., R. Castillo & L. López, In press. Synonymy within wild potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota: Solanaceae): The case of Solanum andreanum. Syst. Bot.
Spooner, D.M. & K.J. Sytsma, 1992. Reexamination of series relationships of Mexican and Central American wild potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota): evidence from chloroplast DNA restriction site variation. Syst. Bot. 17: 432–448.
Spooner, D.M., K.J. Sytsma & J.F. Smith, 1991. A molecular reexamination of diploid hybrid speciation of Solanum raphanifolium. Evolution 45: 757–764.
Spooner, D. M. & van den Berg, In press. Species limits and hypotheses of hybridization of Solanum berthaultii Hawkes and S. tarijense Hawkes: morphological data. Taxon 41.
Stuessy, T.F., 1990. Plant Taxonomy: the Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
Taylor, I.B., 1986. Biosystematics of the tomato. In J.G. Atherton & J. Rudich (Eds), The Tomato Crop: a Scientific Basis for Improvement, pp. 1–34, Chapman & Hall, London & New York.
Tarn, T.R. & J.G. Hawkes, 1986. Cytogenetic studies and the occurrence of triploidy in the wild potato species Solanum commersonii Dun. Euphytica 35: 293–302.
Ugent, D., 1966. Hybrid weed complexes in Solanum, section Tuberarium. Ph.D. Diss; Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Ugent, D., 1967. Morphological variation in Solanum x edinense, a hybrid of the common potato. Evolution 21: 696–712.
Ugent, D., 1970. Solanum raphanifolium, a Peruvian wild potato species of hybrid origin. Bot. Gaz. 131: 225–233.
Van den Berg, R.G. & D.M. Spooner, In press. A reexamination of infraspecific taxa of a wild potato, Solanum microdontum Bitter (Solanum sect. Petota: Solanaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol.
Vargas-C.C., 1949. Las Papas Sudperuanas, Parte I. Publ. Univ. Nac. Cuzco, Cuzco.
Vargas-C.C., 1956. Las Papas Sudperuanas, Parte II. Publ. Univ. Nac. Cuzco, Cuzco.
Vavilov, N.I., 1940. The new systematics of cultivated plants. In: J. Huxley, (Ed.), The New Systematics, pp. 549–566, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Vavilov, N.I., 1957. The Origin, Variation, Immunity and Breeding of Cultivated Plants. Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, Massachusetts.
Walpers, W.G., 1844. Repertorium botanices systematicae, vol. 3. Friderici Hofmeister, Leipzig.
Wittmack, L., 1909. Die Stammpflanze unserer Kartoffel. Landw. Jahrb. 38 (Supplement 5): 551–605.
Zimmerer, K.S. & D.S. Douches, 1991. Geographical approaches to crop conservation: the partitioning of genetic diversity in Andean potatoes. Econ. Bot. 45: 176–189.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Spooner, D.M., van den Berg, R.G. An analysis of recent taxonomic concepts in wild potatoes (Solarium sect. Petota). Genet Resour Crop Evol 39, 23–37 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00052651
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00052651