Abstract
This paper considers numerically generated turbulence obtained by integrating the complete time-dependent three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The simulated unidirectional turbulent flow, bounded by two parallel planes, is strongly inhomogeneous in the direction normal to the planes but homogeneous in the parallel directions. The resulting flow field, which is considered a numerical realization of fully developed turbulent channel flow, contains detailed information on spatial coherent flow structures as well as on the time-dependency and statistics of the three-dimensional velocity and pressure fields. Focussing here on the statistics of the numerically generated turbulence, second-moments and higher-moments are presented and compared with the most recent PTV and LDV laboratory measurements. It is concluded that direct numerical simulations are an invaluable approach to turbulence which complements field studies and laboratory investigations. Numerical experiments are now becoming a principal source of detailed and reliable information, which play a key role in the deepening of our understanding of turbulent flow phenomena.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Townsend, A.A.: The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, 2nd edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976.
Johansson, T.G., and Karlsson, R.I.: The energy budget in the near-wall region of a turbulent boundary layer, in R.J. Adrian, T. Asanuma, D.F.G. Durao, F. Durst and J.H. Whitelaw (eds.), Applications of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1989, pp. 3–22.
Nishino, K., and Kasagi, N.: Turbulence statistics measurements in a two-dimensional channel flow using a three-dimensional particle tracking velocimeter, Proc. 7th Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows, Stanford University, 1989, pp. 22.1.1–22.1.6.
Kim, J., Moin, P., and Moser, R.: Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number, J. Fluid Mech. 177 (1987), 133–166.
Moser, R.D., and Moin, P.: The effects of curvature in wall-bounded turbulent flows, J. Fluid Mech. 175 (1987), 479–510.
Kristoffersen, R., and Andersson, H.I.: Direct simulation of low Reynolds number turbulent flow in a rotating channel, J. Fluid Mech. (submitted).
Gavrilakis, S.: Numerical simulation of turbulent flow through a square duct at low Reynolds number, J. Fluid Mech. (submitted).
Mansour, N.N., Kim, J., and Moin, P.: Reynolds-stress and dissipation-rate budgets in a turbulent channel flow, J. Fluid Mech. 194 (1988), 15–44.
Kristoffersen, R., Nilsen, P.J., and Andersson, H.I.: Validation of Reynolds stress closures for rotating channel flows by means of direct numerical simulations, in W. Rodi and E.N. Ganic (eds.), Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Experiments, Elsevier, New York, 1990, pp. 55–64.
Karlsson, R.I., and Johansson, T.G.: LDV measurements of higher order moments of velocity fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer, in R.J. Adrian, T. Asanuma, D.F.G. Durao, F. Durst and J.H. Whitelaw (eds.), Laser Anemometry in Fluid Mechanics III, Ladon-Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, 1988, pp. 273–289.
Kasagi, N., and Nishino, K.: Probing turbulence with three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry, in W. Rodi and E.N. Ganic (eds.), Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Experiments, Elsevier, New York, 1990, pp. 299–314.
Gavrilakis, S., Tsai, H.M., Voke, P.R., and Leslie, D.C.: Direct and large eddy simulation of turbulence, in U. Schumann and R. Friedrich (eds.), Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 15, Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig, 1986, pp. 105–118.
Kristoffersen, R., and Andersson, H.I.: Numerical transition to turbulence in plane Poiseuille flow, in C. Taylor, J.H. Chin and G.M. Homsy (eds.), Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow, Vol. VII, Pineridge Press, Swansea, 1991, pp. 222–232.
Cheremisinoff, N.P., and Cheremisinoff, P.N.: Flow Measurements for Engineers and Scientists, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988.
Nasseri, M., and Nitsche, W.: Development of a probe for measuring pressure diffusion, Proc. 8th Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows, Munich, 1991, pp. 4.4.1–4.4.6.
Löfdahl, L., Stemme, G., and Johansson, B.: Silicon based flow sensors used for mean velocity and turbulence measurements, Exp. Fluids 12 (1992) in print.
Johansson, A.V., and Alfredsson, P.H.: Structure of turbulent channel flows, in N.P. Cheremisinoff (ed.), Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 1, Gulf Publishing, Houston, 1986, pp. 825–869.
Launder, B.E.: Second-moment closure and its use in modelling turbulent industrial flows, Int. J. Num. Meth. Fluids 9 (1989), 963–985.
Spalart, P.R.: Direct simulation of a turbulent boundary layer up to Rϑ=1410, J. Fluid Mech., 187 (1988), 61–98.
Patel, V.C., Rodi, W., and Scheuerer, G.: Turbulence models for near-wall and low-Reynolds-number flows: a review, AIAA J. 23 (1985), 1308–1319.
Smith, C.R., and Metzler, S.P.: The characteristics of low-speed streaks in the near-wall region of a turbulent boundary layer, J. Fluid Mech. 129 (1983), 27–54.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andersson, H.I., Kristoffersen, R. Statistics of numerically generated turbulence. Acta Appl Math 26, 293–314 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047209
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047209