Genotypic differences in cold tolerance are masked by high sucrose and cytokinin in shoot cultures of sugarbeet

Abstract

Cold tolerance of field grown plants and shoot cultures of a commercial sugarbeet cultivar, ‘Hilma’, was compared with that of two cultivars bred for improved cold tolerance, ‘Monofeb’ and ‘Winter Hybrid 88619’. Leaves of ‘Monofeb’ and ‘Winter Hybrid 88619’ showed an increase in frost tolerance compared to Hilma, as assessed by electrolyte leakage measurements, in both July, and November. However, all varieties exhibited acclimation in the latter month. Similar qualitative differences between cultivars were detected in shoot cultures only when maintained on low (1%) sucrose medium, without added plant growth regulators. The use of high (3%) sucrose and benzyladenine, which releases apical dominance producing multiple shoots, each contributed to a substantial lowering of the temperature at which cold-induced damage occurred in leaves. Under these conditions varietal differences were masked. The implications of these findings in regard to in vitro selection for improved cold tolerance in organized cultures are discussed.