Skip to main content
Log in

Physicochemical conditions and benthic macroinvertebrates of a tertiary sewage treatment system

  • Published:
Hydrobiologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Physicochemical conditions and benthic macroinvertebrates were studied in the Beaumont, Texas sewage treatment plant from August, 1973 to June, 1974.

Physicochemical conditions varied seasonally with the amount of precipitation and discharge from the plant. Extreme physico-chemical parameters in the receiving stream were noted during times of precipitation and rice field drainage and the low during discharge and dry weather. Extremes in the holding pond and aeration pond occurred during the summer months when low discharge and low precipitation caused an algal bloom.

A total of 55 species of benthic macroinvertebrates was collected. Community structure was analyzed using the diversity index

$$\bar d = - \Sigma (n_i /n)Log_2 (n_i /n)$$

Annual diversity per individual ranged from 1.38 at Station 7 (52 meters below the outfall) to 2.23 at Station 6 (above the outfall). There was a general trend of decreasing values through the aeration pond, increasing through the holding pond and increasing downstream in the receiving stream.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Public Health Association. 1971. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water. 13th Ed., Amer. Publ. Health Assoc., New York. 874 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartsch, A. F. 1948. Biological aspects of stream pollution. Sewage Works Jour. 20: 292–302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartsch, A. F. & Allum, M. O. 1957. Biological factors in treatment of raw sewage in artificial ponds. Limnol. Oceanog. 2: 77–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curry, L. L. 1965. A survey of environmental requirements for the midge. Biological problems in water pollution, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare. 424 pp.

  • Environmental Protection Agency. 1973. Biological field and laboratory methods for measuring the quality of surface waters and effluents. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio EPA-67Q/4–73–001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goulden, P. D. 1972 The chemical analysis of nutrients in: Nutrients in Natural Waters. John Wiley and Sons. New York. pp. 45–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hach Chemical Company. 1973. Water and Sewage Analysis Procedures. Hach Chemical Company. Ames, Iowa. 104 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, H. B. N. 1960. The Biology of Polluted Water. Liverpool Univ. Press, Liverpool. 202 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lackey, J. B. 1939. Aquatic life in waters polluted by acid mine waste. Pub. Health Depts. 54: 740–746.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leithe, W. 1973. The analysis of organic pollutants in water and wastewater. Ann Arbor Science Publishers. Ann Arbor. 213 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margalef, R. 1958. Temporal succession and spatial heterogenity in phytoplankton. In A. A. Buzzati-Traverso (Ed.). Perspectives in Marine Biol., Univ. California Press. Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, W. T. & Yevich, P. P. 1967. The use of Phloxine B and Rose Bengal Stains to facilitate sorting benthic samples. Trans. Amer. Micro. Soc. 86 (2): 221–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odum, H. T. 1956. Primary production in flowing waters. Limnol. Oceanog. 1: 15–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odum, H. T. & Hoskins, C. M. 1958. Comparative studies of the metabolism of Marine water. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. (Texas). 5: 16–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olive, J. H. & Dambach, C. A. 1973. Benthic macroinvertebrates as indexes of water quality in Whetstone Creek, Morrow County, Ohio. Ohio Jour. Sci. 73 (3): 129–149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patten, B. C. 1962. Species diversity in net phytoplankton of Raritan Bay. Jour. of Mar. Sci. 20: 57–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilhm, J. L. & Dorris, T. C. 1966. Species of benthic macro invertebrates in a stream receiving domestic oil and refinery effluents. Amer. Midl. Natur. 76: 427–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilhm, J. L. & Dorris, T. C. 1968. Biological parameters of water quality criteria. Bioscience. 18: 477–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilhm, J. L. 1970. Effects of sample size on Shannons formula. Southwestern Naturalist. 14: 441–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sala, G.M., Gibson, G.E. & Harrel, R.C. Physicochemical conditions and benthic macroinvertebrates of a tertiary sewage treatment system. Hydrobiologia 54, 161–167 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00034990

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00034990

Keywords

Navigation