Development of potato breeding in the Netherlands in the last half century

Abstract

In a description of potato growing in the Netherlands in 1910 many varietal names were mentioned. Presumably various names were synonyms for one variety only. There were complaints about degeneration. Clonal selection for health was only incidentally applied and in a primitive manner. At that time ware potatoes were exported; however, there was no export of seed potatoes. In total 6 persons were engaged in potato breeding, with varying degrees of success.

About half a century ago Oortwijn Botjes and Quanjer discovered that leaf roll could be transmitted to a healthy plant, so that it had to be considered as an infectious disease. This pioneer work of the two research workers and the then following studies on virus diseases became a sound basis for an adequate selection for health and for a reliable inspection. Some years later it was discovered that lifting in green condition is effective for the production of virus-free seed potatoes.

Formerly breeding work was done to replace degenerated or worn out varieties, later other diseases often formed a stimulus to start breeding (for instance wart disease, scab, etc). Apart from breeding for resistance at present much attention is also paid to other characters.

When potato breeding of half a century ago is compared with the present work it can be seen that enormous progress has been made. The Plant Breeding Institute (I.v.P.) has participated in this development in various respects. In particular the fundamental work performed by the late H. J. Toxopeus on various potato species from South-America and Mexico deserves attention. The creation of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding has made it possible to place this material and its derivatives at the disposal of breeders in the Netherlands. At present more than 200 breeders are engaged in raising new potato varieties; annually 500,000 to 600,000 seedlings are produced. Only a few seedlings appear to be a real improvement after trials conducted over several years.

There is now a good working system of scientific research, extension, distribution of material and research on varieties. There is also ample room for an extension of private initiative. For the I.v.P. there remains a wide field of fruitful research to be explored.