Abstract
The thidiazolylurea derivative thidiazuron has been reported to be considerably more effective than benzyladenine in promotion of in vitro shoot formation in a number of dicotyledonous species. In the present study, axillary shoots of Miscanthus sinensis (Thunb.) Anderss. ‘Giganteus’ that had been subcultured four times on modified Murashige & Skoog medium with 20μM benzyladenine were transferred to media with benzyladenine, kinetin, isopentenyladenine or thidiazuron at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 30 or 100μM and grown over four subcultures. Shoot and root formation stabilized after the first subculture and results from the three subsequent subcultures are presented. The common effects of cytokinins, i.e., promotion of axillary bud growth, inhibition of root formation, reduced stem growth and delay of senescence, were observed for all four cytokinins. In a descending order regarding shoot formation, the four cytokinins at the optimum concentration could be ranked as follows: benzyladenine, thidiazuron, kinetin and isopentenyladenine. Benzyladenine and thidiazuron had optimum effects at the same concentration with regard to axillary shoot formation but thidiazuron induced a significantly lower number of shoots than benzyladenine. The number of roots, shoot size and percentage of chlorotic shoots were also the same for benzyladenine and thidiazuron. When transferring shoots from benzyladenine or thidiazuron medium to rooting medium, shoots previously grown on thidiazuron became taller and formed fewer roots than shoots previously grown on benzyladenine.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BA:
-
benzyladenine
- 2iP:
-
isopentenyladenine
- KIN:
-
6-(furfurylamino)-purine (kinetin)
- MS:
-
Murashige & Skoog medium
- NAA:
-
naphthaleneacetic acid
- THI:
-
N-phenyl-N(1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl)-urea (thidiazuron)
References
Arndt F, Rusch R, Stillfried Hv, Hanisch B & Martin WC (1976) SN49537, a new cotton defoliant. Plant Physiol. 57: 99 (Abstr.)
Capelle SC, Mok DWS, Kirchner SC & Mok MC (1983) Effects of thidiazuron on cytokinin autonomy and the metabolism of N 6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)[8-14C]adenosine in callus tissues of Phaseolus lunatus L. Plant Physiol. 73: 796–802
Devlin RM, Zbiec II & Nowicka SE (1989) The effect of thidiazuron on some plant growth systems. Proc. Plant Growth Regul. Soc. Am. Ann. Meet. No. 6: 99–103
Ellis DD, Barczynska H, McCown BH & Nelson N (1991) A comparison of BA, zeatin and thidiazuron for adventitious bud formation from Picea glauca embryos and epicotyl explants. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 27: 281–287
Gawel NJ, Robacker CD & Corley WL (1990) In vitro propagation of Miscanthus sinensis. HortScience 25: 1291–1293
Gilby AC & Wainwright H (1989) Use of tissue culture in improvement of watercress (Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum L. Hayek). Acta Hort. 244: 105–113
Gray DJ & Klein CM (1989) In vitro micropropagation and plant establishment of ‘Blanc du Bois’ grape. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 102: 221–223
Hodgson RH & Snyder RH (1988) Thidiazuron effects in Malvaceae, corn, Zea mays; and soybean, Glycine max. Weed Tech. 2: 342–349
Horgan R (1987) Plant growth regulators and the control of growth and differentiation in plant tissue cultures. In: Green CE, Somers DA, Hackett WP & Biesboer DD (Eds) Plant Biology, Vol 3. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture (pp 135–149). Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York
Kaminek M (1992) Progress in cytokinin research. TIBTECH 10: 159–164 (Rew.)
Kerns HR & Meyer MM (1986) Tissue culture propagation of Acer x freemanii using thidiazuron to stimulate shoot tip proliferation. HortScience 21: 1209–1210
Matsubara S (1990) Structure-activity relationships of cytokinins. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 9: 17–57
Medford JI, Horgan R, El-Sawi Z & Klee HJ (1989) Alterations of endogenous cytokinins in transgenic plants using a chimeric isopentenyl transferase gene. Plant Cell 1: 403–413
Meyer HJ & van Staden J (1988) In vitro multiplication of Ixia flexuosa. HortScience 23: 1070–1071
Mok MC, Mok DWS, Armstrong DJ, Shudo K, Isogai Y & Okamoto T (1982) Cytokinin activity of N-phenyl-N′-1, 2, 3-thidiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron). Phytochemistry 21: 1509–1511
Mok MC, Mok DWS, Turner JE & Mujer CV (1987) Biological and biochemical effects of cytokinin-active phenylurea derivatives in tissue culture systems. HortScience 22: 1194–1197
Murashige T & Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497
Nielsen PN (1987) Vegetative propagation of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Giganteus’. Tidsskr. Planteavl 91: 361–368
Preece JE, Huetteman CA, Ashby WC & Roth PL (1991) Micro-and cutting propagation of Silver Maple. I. Results with adult and juvenile propagules. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116: 142–148
SAS Institute Inc. (1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, Fourth Edition, SAS Institute Inc, Cary NC
Sudarsono & Goldy RG (1991) Growth regulator and axillary bud position effects on in vitro establishment of Vitis rotundifolia. HortScience 26: 304–307
Thomas JC & Katterman FR (1986) Cytokinin activity induced by thidiazuron. Plant Physiol. 81: 681–683
van Nieuwkerk JP, Zimmerman RH & Fordham I (1986) Thidiazuron stimulation of apple shoot proliferation in vitro. HortScience 21: 516–518
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nielsen, J.M., Brandt, K. & Hansen, J. Long-term effects of thidiazuron are intermediate between benzyladenine, kinetin or isopentenyladenine in Miscanthus sinensis . Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 35, 173–179 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00032967
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00032967