Abstract
There have been no studies of the effects of soil P deficiency on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) photosynthesis, despite the fact that P deficiency is the major constraint to pearl millet production in most regions of West Africa. Because current photosynthesis-based crop simulation models do not explicitly take into account P deficiency effects on leaf photosynthesis, they cannot predict millet growth without extensive calibration. We studied the effects of soil addition on leaf P content, photosynthetic rate (A), and whole-plant dry matter production (DM) of non-water-stressed, 28 d pearl millet plants grown in pots containing 6.00 kg of a P-deficient soil. As soil P addition increased from 0 to 155.2 mg P kg−1 soil, leaf P content increased from 0.65 to 7.0 g kg−1. Both A and DM had maximal values near 51.7 mg P kg−1 soil, which corresponded to a leaf P content of 3.2 g kg−1. Within this range of soil P addition, the slope of A plotted against stomatal conductance (gs) tripled, and mean leaf internal CO2 concentration ([CO2]i) decreased from 260 to 92 μL L−1, thus indicating that P deficiency limited A through metabolic dysfunction rather than stomatal regulation. Light response curves of A, which changed markedly with P leaf content, were modelled as a single substrate, Michaelis-Menten reaction, using quantum flux as the substrate for each level of soil P addition. An Eadie-Hofstee plot of light response data revealed that both KM, which is mathematically equivalent to quantum efficiency, and Vmax, which is the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis, increased sharply from leaf P contents of 0.6 to 3 g kg−1, with peak values between 4 and 5 g P kg−1. Polynomial equations relating KM and Vmax, to leaf P content offered a simple and attractive way of modelling photosynthetic light response for plants of different P status, but this approach is somewhat complicated by the decrease of leaf P content with ontogeny.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackerson, R C 1985 Osmoregulation in cotton in response to water stress. III. The effects of phosphorus fertility. Plant Physiol. 77, 309–312.
Arnon, D I 1949 Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 24, 1–15.
Briggs, L J and Shantz, H L 1913 The water requirement of plants: II. A review of the literature. USDA Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin 285. USDA, Washington, DC. USA.
Bystrzejewska, G and Maleszewski, S 1981 Phosphorus nutrition as a factor influencing photosynthesis in maize plants. I. The effect of phosphorus level on light enhanced dark CO2 fixation in leaves. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. Bodenkd. 101, 249–255.
De, Wit, C T 1958 Transpiration and crop yield. Verslagen Landbouwkundige Onderzoekingen 64(6). Institute of Biology and Chemical Research on Field Crops and Herbage, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Edwards, G E and Huber, S C 1981 The C4 pathway. In The Biochemistry of Plants. A Comprehensive Treatise, Vol. 8 of Photosynthesis. Eds. P K, Stumpf and E E, Conn. pp 237–281. Academic Press, New York, USA.
Farquhar, G D and Sharkey, T D 1982 Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 33, 317–345.
Fechter, J, Allison, B E, Sivakumar, M V K, Van Der, Ploeg, R R and Bley, J 1991 An evaluaton of the SWATRER and CERES-Millet models for southwest Niger. In Soil Water Balance in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone. Proceedings of the Niamey Workshop, February 1991. Eds. M V K, Sivakumar, J S, Wallace, C, Renard and C, Giroux. IAHS Publ. no. 199, pp 505–513. Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK.
Fersht, A 1985 Enzyme Structure and Mechanism. W H Freeman and Company, New York, USA. 475 p.
Goudriaan, J and van, Keulen, H 1979 The direct and indirect effects of nitrogen shortage on photosynthesis and transpiration in maize and sunflower. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 27, 227–234.
Hafner, H, George, E, Baiono, A and Marschner, H 1993 Effect of crop residues on root growth and phosphorus acquisition of pearl millet in an acid-sandy soil in Niger. Plant and Soil 150, 117–127.
Heitholt, J J, Johnson, R C and Ferris, D M 1991 Stomatal limitation to carbon dioxide assimilation in nitrogen-and drought-stressed wheat. Crop Sci. 31, 135–139.
Jacob, J and Lawlor, D W 1991 Stomatal and mesophyll limitations of photosynthesis in phosphate deficient sunflower, maize and wheat plants. J. Exp. Bot. 42, 1003–1011.
Lauer, M J, Pallardy, S G, Blevins, D G and Randall, D 1989 Whole leaf carbon exchange characteristics of phosphate deficient soybeans (Glycine max L.). Plant Physol. 91, 848–854.
Payne, W A, Hossner, L R, Onken, A B and Wendt, C W 1995 Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in pearl millet and its relation to nutrient-and water-use efficiency. Agron J. 87, 425–431.
Payne, W A, Drew, M C, Hossner, L R, Lascano, R J, Onken, A B and Wendt, C W 1992 Soil P availability and pearl millet water-use efficiency. Crop Sci. 32, 1010–1015.
Payne, W A, Wendt C W, Wendt, Hossner, L R and Gates, C E 1991 Estimating pearl millet leaf area and specific leaf area. Agron. J. 83, 937–941.
Radoglou, K M, Aphalo, P and Jarvis, P G 1992 Response of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency to elevated CO2 and nutrient supply in acclimated seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Ann. Bot. 70, 257–264.
Rai, K N, Kumar, A N, Andrews, D J, Rao, A S, Raj, A G B and Witcombe, J R 1990 Registration of ‘ICTP 8203’ pearl millet. Crop Sci. 30, 959.
Sivak, M N and Walker, D A 1985 Photosynthesis in vivo can be limited by phosphate supply. New Phytol. 102, 499–512.
Technicon Industrial System 1976 Individual/simultaneous determination of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in BD acid digests. Industrial Method No. 334–74/W B, 7 p. Technicon Industrial Systems. Tarrytown, NY. USA.
Terry, N and Ulrich, A 1973 Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthesis and respiration of leaves of sugar beet. Plant Physiol. 51, 42–47.
Usuda, H and Shimogawara, K 1991 Phosphate deficiency in maize. I. Leaf phosphate status, growth, photosynthesis and carbon partitioning. Plant Cell Physiol. 32, 497–504.
Wilkinson, L 1987 SYSTAT: The system for statistics. SYSTAT Inc., Evanston, IL, USA.
Wong, S C, Cowan, I R and Farquhar, G D 1985 Leaf conductance in relation to rate of CO2 assimilation. I. Influence of nitrogen nutrition, phosphorus nutrition, photon flux density, and ambient partial pressure of CO2 during ontogeny. Plant Physiol. 78, 821–825.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Payne, W.A., Drew, M.C., Hossner, L.R. et al. Measurement and modelling of photosynthetic response of pearl millet to soil phosphorus addition. Plant Soil 184, 67–73 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00029275
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00029275