Summary
A major portion of the genomes of three millet species, namely, barn yard millet, fox tail millet and little millet has been shown to consist of interspersed repeat and single copy DNA sequences. The interspersed repetitive DNA sequences are both short (0.15–1.0 kilo base pairs, 62–64% and long (>1.5 kilo base pairs, 36–38%) in barn yard millet and little millet while in fox tail millet, only long interspersed repeats (>1.5 kilo base pairs) are present. The length of the interspersed single copy DNA sequences varies in the range of 1.6–2.6 kilo base pairs in all the three species. The repetitive duplexes isolated after renaturation of 1.5 kilo base pairs and 20 kilo base pairs long DNA fragments exhibit a high thermal stability with Tms either equal to or greater than the corresponding native DNAs. The S1 nuclease resistant repetitive DNA duplexes also are thermally stable and reveal the presence of only 1–2% sequence divergence.
The present data on the modes of sequence arrangement in millets substantiates the proposed trend in plants, namely, plants with 1C nuclear DNA content of less than 5 picograms have diverse patterns of sequence organization while those with 1C nuclear DNA content greater than 5 picograms have predominantly a short period interspersion pattern.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- kbp:
-
kilobase pairs
References
Bendich AJ: The nature of families of repeated DNA sequences in plants. In: Rubenstein I (ed) Molecular Biology of Plants. Academic Press, New York, 1979, pp 1–30.
Bouchard RA: Moderately repetitive DNA in evolution. In: Bourne GH, Danielli JF (eds) International Review of Cytology. Vol 76. Academic Press, New York, 1982, pp 113–193.
Britten RJ, Davidson EJ: Gene regulation for higher cell: a theory. Science 165: 349–357 1969.
Britten RJ, Graham DE, Neufeld BR: Analysis of repeating DNA sequences by reassociation. In: Grossman L, Moldave K (eds) Methods in Enzymology. Vol 29E. Academic Press, New York, 1974, pp 363–418.
Britten RJ, Kohne DE: Repeated sequences in DNA. Science 161: 529–540, 1968.
Cullis CA: DNA sequence organization in the flax genome. Biochim Biophys Acta 652: 1–15, 1981.
Davidson EH, Britten RJ: Regulation of gene expression: Possible role of repetitive sequences. Science 204: 1052–1059, 1979.
Davidson EH, Hough BR, Amenson CR, Britten RJ: General interspersion of repetitive with non-repetitive sequence elements in the DNA of Xenopus. J Mol Biol 77: 1–23, 1973.
Deshpande VG, Ranjekar PK: Repetitive DNA in three Gramineae species with low DNA content. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 361: 1223–1233, 1980.
Epplen JT, Leipoldt M, Engel W, Schmidtke J: DNA sequence organization in avian genomes. Chromosoma (Berl) 69: 307–321, 1978.
Flavell R: The molecular characterization and organization of plant chromosomal DNA sequences. Annu Rev plant Physiol 31: 569–596, 1980.
Flavell RB: Molecular changes in chromosomal DNA organization and origins of phenotypic variation. Chromosomes Today 7: 42–54, 1981.
Flavell RB, O'Dell M, Hutchinson J: Nucleotide sequence organization in plant chromosomes and evidence for sequence translocation during evolution. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium Quant Biol Vol 45, 1981, pp 501–508.
Flavell RB, Smith DB: Nucleotide sequence organization in the wheat genome. Heredity 37: 231–252, 1976.
Graham DE, Neufeld BR, Davidson EH, Britten RJ: Interspersion of repetitive and non-repetitive DNA sequences in the sea urchin genome. Cell 1: 127–137, 1974.
Gupta VS, Gadre SR, Ranjekar PK: DNA sequence organization in the rice genome. Biochim Biophys Acta 656: 147–154, 1981.
Gupta VS, Ranjekar PK: DNA sequence organization in finger millet (Eleusine coracana). J Biosci 3: 417–430, 1981.
Hake S, Walbot V: The genome of Zea mays: its organization and homology to related grasses. Chromosoma (Berl) 79: 251–270, 1980.
Harshey RM, Jayaram M, Chamberlain ME: DNA sequence organization in Phycomyces blakeslecanus. Chromosoma (Berl) 73: 143–151, 1977.
Hudspeth MES, Timberlake WE, Goldberg RB: DNA sequence organization in the water mold Achlya. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 74: 4332–4336, 1977.
Hutchinson J: In: The Families of Flowering Plants. 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1973.
Kohne DE: Evolution of higher organism DNA. Quart Rev Biophysics 33: 327–375, 1970.
Krumlauf R, Marzluf GA: Characterization of the sequence complexity and organization of the Neurospora crassa genome. Biochemistry 18: 3705–3713, 1979.
Lakshmi S, Ranjekar PK: Novel molecular features of millet genomes. Indian J Biochem Biophys 21: 299–303, 1984.
Lakshmi S, Gupta VS, Ranjekar PK: Molecular analysis of great millet (Sorghum vulgare) DNA. J Biosci 6: 795–809, 1984.
Manning JE, Schmid CW, Davidson N: Interspersion of repetitive and non-repetitive DNA sequences in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Cell 4: 141–155, 1975.
Murray MG, Cuellar RE, Thompson WF: DNA sequence organization in the pea genome. Biochemistry 17: 5781–5790, 1978.
Ranjekar PK, Pallotta D, Lafontaine JG: Analysis of the genome of plants. II. Characterization of repetitive DNA in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Biochim Biophys Acta 425: 30–40, 1976.
Rimpau J, Smith DB, Flavell RB: Sequence organization analysis of the wheat and rye genome by interspecies DNA/DNA hybridization. J Mol Biol 123: 327–359, 1978.
Rimpau J, Smith DB, Flavell RB: Sequence organization in barley and oats chromosomes revealed by interspecies DNA/DNA hybridization. Heredity 44: 131–149, 1980.
Schachat F, O'Connor DJ, Epstein HF: The moderately repetitive DNA sequences of Coenorhabditis elegans do not show short period interspersion. Biochim Biophys Acta 520: 688–692, 1978.
Smith GP: Evolution of repeated DNA sequences by unequal crossover. Science 191: 528–535, 1976.
Smith DB, Flavell RB: Characterization of the wheat genome by renaturation kinetics. Chromosoma (Berl) 50: 223–242, 1975.
Smith DB, Flavell RB: Nucleotide sequence organization in the rye genome. Biochim Biophys Acta 474: 82–97, 1977.
Sorenson JC: The structure and expression of nuclear genes in higher plants. Advances in Genetics 22: 109–144, 1984.
Thompson WF, Murray MG: Sequence organization in pea and mungbean DNA and a model for genome evolution. In: Davies DR, Hopwood DA (eds) The Plant Genome. Proceedings of the 4th John Innes Symposium 1980, pp 31–45.
Thompson WF, Murray MG: The nuclear genome: Structure and Function. In Marcus A (ed) The Biochemistry of Plants. A comprehensive Treatise Vol. 6. Proteins and nucleic acids. Academic Press, New York, 1981, pp 1–18.
Ullrich RC, Kohorn BP, Specht CA: Absence of short period repetitive sequence interspersion in the Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. Chromosoma (Berl) 81: 371–378, 1980.
Wagenmann M, Epplen JF, Bachmann K, Engel W, Schmidtke J: DNA sequence organization in relation to genome size in birds. Experientia 37: 1274–1276, 1981.
Walbot V, Goldberg R: Plant genome organization and its relationship to classical genetics. In: Hall TC, Davies JW (eds) Nucleic Acids in Plants. CRC Press, Baco Raton, Florida, 1979, pp 3–40.
Wetmur JG, Davidson N: Kinetics of renaturation of DNA. J Mol Biol 31: 349–370, 1968.
Wimpee CF, Rawson JRY: Characterization of the nuclear genome of pearl millet. Biochim Biophys Acta 562: 192–206, 1979.
Zimmerman JL, Goldberg RB: DNA sequence organization in the genome of Nicotiana tabacum. Chromosoma (Berl) 59: 227–252, 1977.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
NCL Communication No. 3606.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
SivaRaman, L., Gupta, V.S. & Ranjekar, P.K. DNA sequence organization in the genomes of three related millet plant species. Plant Mol Biol 6, 375–388 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027131
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027131